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Zoology 100 > Human & Frog Integumentary System > Flashcards

Human & Frog Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside. It also compromises the skin and its appendage (including hair, scales, nails, feathers etc)

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

Functions of Frog Skin

A
  1. protection from injuries
  2. respiration
  3. reception of environmental stimuli
  4. movement of nutrients and gas
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3
Q

frog skin side that is darker

A

dorsal

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4
Q

frog skin is

A

thin, slippery and moist

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5
Q

frog skin color varies

A

a. environment

b. distribution of pigment cells or chromatophores

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6
Q

4 kinds of pigments or chromatophores

A
  1. Guanophores
  2. Lipophores
  3. Melanophores
  4. Xanthophores
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7
Q

white colored pigments

A

Guanophores

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8
Q

reddish pigment

A

Lipophores

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9
Q

black brown pigment

A

Melanophores

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10
Q

yellow pigment

A

Xanthophores

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11
Q

2 layers of frog skin

A
  1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

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12
Q

Greek word epi

A

over or upon

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13
Q

outer layer of frog skin and it is stratified squamous epithelium

A

Epidermis

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14
Q

2 layers of epidermis

A
  1. Stratum Corneum

2. Stratum Germinativum

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15
Q

inner layer of skin and made up of connective tissues

A

Dermis

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16
Q

2 regions of Dermis

A
  1. Stratum Spongiosum

2. Stratum Compactum

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17
Q

location of stratum corneum

A

outermost layer

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18
Q

structure of stratum corneum

A

stratified squamous epithelial tissue

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19
Q

function of stratum corneum

A
  1. protect underlying tissue from infection
  2. dehydration
  3. chemical and mechanical stress
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20
Q

outermost layer of epidermis and consist dead cells

A

Stratum corneum

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21
Q

location of germinativum

A

inner layer / under stratum corneum

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22
Q

structure of germina

A

stratified columnar epithelial tissue

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23
Q

function of germina

A

divide and replace constantly shed off stratum corneum of skin or skin regeneration

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24
Q

loose connective tissue , blood vessels, pigment cells and glands

A

Stratum Spongiosum

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25
Q

dense connective tissue, smooth muscle fibers

A

stratum Compactum

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26
Q

2 types of frog skin glands

A
  1. Mucous Glands

2. Poison Gland

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27
Q

smaller, more numerous, prevents from drying up

A

Mucous glands

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28
Q

larger, fewer, produce substances that can be mildly irritating or very toxic depending on the species, protection against enemies

A

Poison Glands

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29
Q

largest organ of the body

A

Skin

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30
Q

percent of skin body weight

A

15

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31
Q

fatty layer

A

hypodermis

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32
Q

functions of humans skin

A
  1. protection
  2. synthesizes Vitamin D
  3. Regulates body heat
  4. Prevents unnecessary water loss
  5. Sensory reception
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33
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

Epidermis

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34
Q

4 types of epidermis cells

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Merkel cells
  4. Langerhans cells
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35
Q

deepest, produce keratin

A

Keratinocytes

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36
Q

make dark skin pigment malanin

A

Melanocytes

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37
Q

associated with sensory nerve endings

A

Merkel cells

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38
Q

macrophage-like dendritic cells

A

Langerhans cells

39
Q

Layers of Epidermis

A
  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
40
Q

single row of cells attached to dermis, youngest cells

A

Stratum basale or stratum germinativum

41
Q

spinyness is artifactual; tonofilaments resist tension

A

Stratum spinosum

42
Q

bundles of protein

A

tonofilaments

43
Q

layers of flattened keratinocytes producing keratin

A

Stratum granulosum

44
Q

thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in epidermis

A

stratum lucidum

45
Q

horny outer layer of epodermis

A

Stratum corneum

46
Q

Four basic types of tissues

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Muscle tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
47
Q

strong, flexible, connective tissue
rich supply of nerves and vessels
critical control in temperature regulation

A

dermis

48
Q

cells of dermis

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, wbcs

49
Q

fiber types of dermis

A

collagen, elastic, reticular

50
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

papillary

reticular

51
Q

areolar connective tissues includes dermal papillaries

A

Papillary

52
Q

“reticulum” (network) of collagen and reticular fibers

A

Reticular

53
Q

dermal papillae lie atop dermal ridges, elevate the overlying epidermis , are “sweat films” because of sweat pores, genetically determined

A

Fingerprints, Palmprints and Footprints

54
Q

deep dermis from continual folding

A

Flexion creases

55
Q

collagen: strength and resilience

A

fibers

56
Q

stretch-recoll

A

elastic fibers

57
Q

stretch marks

A

striae

58
Q

direction of bundles of fibers are directed

A

Tension lines

59
Q

below the skin

A

Hypodermis (Gk) or Subcutaneous (Latin)

60
Q

hypodermis is also called

A

superficial fascia

61
Q

sheet of connective tissue

A

fascia

62
Q

fatty tissue which store fat and anchors skin

different patterns of accumulation

A

hypodermis

63
Q

3 skin pigments

A
  1. melanin
  2. carotene
  3. hemoglobin
64
Q

most important

A

melanin

65
Q

carrots and yellow veggies

A

carotene

66
Q

pink of light skin

A

hemoglobin

67
Q

Melanin in granules passes from

A

melanocytes to keratinocytes in stratum basale

68
Q

derived from epidermis but extend into dermis

A

Skin appendages

69
Q

skin appendages includes

A

hair and hair follicles
sebaceous or oil glands
sweat gland
nail

70
Q

hard keratin, corresponds to hooves or claws,

A

nails

71
Q

derived from epidermis and dermis, everywhere but palms, soles, nipples parts of genitalia, made up of hard keratin

A

Hair and hair follicles

72
Q

functions of hair

A

warmth
sense of light touch of skin
protection

73
Q

parts of hair

A

root imbedded in skin

shaft projecting above skin surface

74
Q

3 concentric layers of hair

A
  1. Medulla
  2. Cortex
  3. Cuticle
75
Q

core

A

medulla

76
Q

surrounds medulla

A

cortex

77
Q

single layer, overlapping

A

cuticle

78
Q

Types of hair

A
  1. vellus
  2. intermediate hairs
  3. terminal
79
Q

fine, short hairs

A

vellus

80
Q

longer, courser hair

A

terminal

81
Q

hair growth

A

2mm/week

82
Q

Hair loss

A
  1. thinning

2. male pattern baldness

83
Q

genetically determined though influenced by hormones or environment

A

hair color

84
Q

decreased melanin and air bubble in the medulla

A

color white

85
Q

microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy matter

A

subaceous gland

86
Q

to lubricate and waterproof th skin and hair of mammals, entire body except palms and soles

A

sebum

87
Q

produce in response to stress as well as heat, entire skin surface except nipples and part of external genitalia

A

sweat glands

88
Q

mostly water in sweat glands

A

500 cc to 12 L/day

89
Q

types of sweat glands

A
  1. Eccrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. modified apocrine glands
90
Q

most numerous, open through pores

A

eccrine

91
Q

axillary, anal and genital areas only, ducts open into hair follicles, organic molecules inn it decompose with time odor

A

apocrine

92
Q

secrete earwax

A

ceruminous

93
Q

secrete milk

A

mammary

Zoology 100 (11 decks)

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