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MSc Physio > Human Science NEURO > Flashcards

Human Science NEURO Flashcards

1
Q

Parkinson’s
Who is affected

A

40year old +
0.3%

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2
Q

Parkinson’s
Where in brain ?

A

Basoganglia (substantial niagra)

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3
Q

Parkinson’s
Main features (4)

A

Tremor
Rigidity
Postural instability
Bradykanesia (slow movement)

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4
Q

Parkinson’s
Risk factors

A

Age
Gender (men)
Genetics (family)
Smoking
Coffee
Head trauma

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5
Q

Parkinson’s
Transformation of signals

A
  1. Cerebral cortex into basognaglia
  2. Basoganglia back to cerebral cortex (through thalamus)
  3. Cerebral correct to spinal cord to get to muscles
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6
Q

Parkinson’s
What’s the problem and where/why

A

Not enough dopamine produced within substantial niagra. (As it deteriorates)
Dopamine act as a neurotransmitter.
Dopamine doesn’t bind to the receptors.
Thalamus struggles to send signals to the cerebral cortex.
Therefore movement not coordinated or controlled

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7
Q

Parkinson’s
Treatment/ management

A

Medication (levadopa)
Increase or substitution of dopamine

Surgery- electrodes in brain.

Physio- balance, flexibility, strength,
Gait- stepping strategies, cuing, dual task

To reduce falls and improve mobility

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8
Q

MS
What is it

A

Auto immune disease that targets myelin and oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

Ms
What creates the myelin

A

Oligodendrocytes

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10
Q

Ms
What does myelin do

A

Acts as a thermal around the axon to allow smooth conduction of signals

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11
Q

Ms
Cause and risk factors

A

No cause - idiopathic
Genetics- female
Environment - vitD

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12
Q

Ms
Types of ms

A

Relapse remitting (90%)
Relapse progressive
Primary progressive
Secondary progressive

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13
Q

Ms
Symptoms
(Charcot Neuro triad)

A

Tremor (weakness, spasms, coordination)
Dysarthria (speech, swallow/ eating)
Nystagmus (rapid eye movement, loss/ double)

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14
Q

Ms
What targets the demyelination

A

T-cells attack myelin and oligodendrocytes

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15
Q

Stroke
Signs/ symptoms

A

F
A
S
T
Balance, dizziness, headache, numbness/wrakness
50% experience central post stroke pain: burning, shooting, spasticity & depression

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16
Q

Stroke
Types of stroke

A

Ischemic (80%) - blood clot that stops blood and oxygen going to brain
Haemorrhage - bleed in the brain
Tia (transient ischemic attack)- mini stroke no lasting affect <24h

17
Q

Stroke
Posture

A

Loss of control, stability, coordination, spasticity, drop foot, stopped (lean forwards =muscle weakness)

18
Q

Ischemic stroke treatment
Rehab

A

Aspirin (blood thinners)
Thrombosis (clot bursting)
Rehab
Strength/ mobility
Spasticity (stretching)
Gait training

19
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke treatment
Rehab

A

Surgery- relive pressure of brain
Aim to reduce blood pressure (ACE inhibitors, beta blockers)
Rehab
Strength/ mobility
Spasticity (stretching)
Gait training

20
Q

Neuro - ergonomic

A

Positioning - prevent pressure sores when seated or during movement for even weight distribution.

Assisted devices- wheelchair, walking stick (electronic aid for foot drop)

Environment modification - reduce excessive movement at home

Adaptive tools - slip on shoes, thicker handles to allow pt to be independent

21
Q

Arteries in stroke

A

Anterior cerebral artery ACA
Middle cerebral artery MCA
Posterior cerebral artery PCA

22
Q

What affects ACA and what it stands for

A

Anterior cerebral artery
legs

23
Q

MCA and what it stands for

A

Middle cerebral artery
Arms and speech

24
Q

PCA and what it stands for

A

Posterior cerebral artery
Vision

25
Q

Bamford classifications

A

PACS partial anterior circulation syndrome
TACS Total anterior circulation syndrome
LACS lacunar stroke
POCS Posterior circulation syndrome

26
Q

What is the 3 Bamford classification

A
  1. Motor and sensory
  2. Dysphasia (speech), consciousness, special awareness (vertigo/ balance
  3. Vision
27
Q

What POCS is and what classification is it part of

A

Posterior circulation syndrome
Vision

28
Q

What classification does LACS involve

A

Lacunar stroke
Just motor and sensory

MSc Physio (7 decks)

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