Human Science MSK Flashcards
Where is the lateral epicondyle located?
On the distal end of the humerus
What ligament attaches to the medial epicondyle?
Ulnar collateral ligament
Which muscle are involved in medial epicondyle
Flexor pronator group
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radiais
Pronates teres
Palmaris longus
True or False: The lateral epicondyle serves as an attachment site for the common extensor tendon.
True
What is the primary function of the muscles attached to the medial epicondyle?
Flexion and pronation of the forearm
What type of muscle strain can occur at the insertion of the common extensor tendon on the lateral epicondyle?
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)
Which ligament attaches to the lateral epicondyle?
Lateral collateral ligament
Muscles involved in lateral epicondylitis
Extensor carpi radialus longus
Extensor carpi radialus brevis
Extensor digitorum
Carpi ulnaris
Common extensor tendon
What happens in medial and lateral epicondylitis
Repetitive strain causing micro tears to the tendon that doesn’t have enough time to heal. Resulting in degeneration
Signs and symptoms of tennis/ golfers elbow
Pain/ tenderness, thickening of the tendon, warmth, pain may radiate, pain with movement, weakness, numbness or tingling may be present depends if medial or ulnar nerve is affected
Ergonomics for tennis/golfers elbow
Brace, taping, isometric exercise
Stages of bone healing
Heamatoma
Fibrocartilagious callus
Bony callus
Remodelling
First stage of bone healing
Heamatoma- blood vessels are torn around the fracture and are clotted and area becomes inflamed.
Second stage of bone healing
Fibrocartilagious callus
Couple days after injury and lasts for a couple weeks.
New blood vessels appear, debris is cleared (osteoclasts), fibroblasts, cartilage and osteo cells begin reconstruction of bone (soft)
Third stage of bone healing
Bony callus
Can last several months
Soft callus begins to be layered to create boney hard callus. Osteoblasts help create the hard bone
4th stage of bone healing
Remodelling
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to finalise and reshape the bone
Osteoarthritis
What is it
Degenerative breakdown of the cartilage
Osteoarthritis
Risk factors
Age 45+
Females
Obesity
Family Hx
Physical demands
Osteoarthritis
Symptoms
Pain, tenderness, morning stiffness <30min, ⬇️ROM,
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is it
Auto immune that affects the synovial membrane and causes inflammation and pain.
Affects many joints bilaterally
Rheumatoid arthritis
Symptoms
Stiffness >30 min and mostly when rested, pain and inflammation present
Rheumatoid arthritis
Diagnosed
Bilateral symtoms
Ultrasound imaging- inflammation of synovial membrane (synovitis)
What is osteoporosis
Breakdown the formation of bone lowering the density.
Osteoporosis
What happened within the bone
There is more osteoclasts then osteoblasts so bone gets absorbed more.
Within the bone:
Cortical bone (outer layer thins)
Widening of canals where blood flows
⬇️Trabeculae (structure support middle of bone)
