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MSc Physio > Human Science MSK > Flashcards

Human Science MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the lateral epicondyle located?

A

On the distal end of the humerus

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2
Q

What ligament attaches to the medial epicondyle?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

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3
Q

Which muscle are involved in medial epicondyle

A

Flexor pronator group

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radiais
Pronates teres
Palmaris longus

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4
Q

True or False: The lateral epicondyle serves as an attachment site for the common extensor tendon.

A

True

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5
Q

What is the primary function of the muscles attached to the medial epicondyle?

A

Flexion and pronation of the forearm

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6
Q

What type of muscle strain can occur at the insertion of the common extensor tendon on the lateral epicondyle?

A

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)

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7
Q

Which ligament attaches to the lateral epicondyle?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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8
Q

Muscles involved in lateral epicondylitis

A

Extensor carpi radialus longus
Extensor carpi radialus brevis
Extensor digitorum
Carpi ulnaris

Common extensor tendon

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9
Q

What happens in medial and lateral epicondylitis

A

Repetitive strain causing micro tears to the tendon that doesn’t have enough time to heal. Resulting in degeneration

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of tennis/ golfers elbow

A

Pain/ tenderness, thickening of the tendon, warmth, pain may radiate, pain with movement, weakness, numbness or tingling may be present depends if medial or ulnar nerve is affected

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11
Q

Ergonomics for tennis/golfers elbow

A

Brace, taping, isometric exercise

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12
Q

Stages of bone healing

A

Heamatoma
Fibrocartilagious callus
Bony callus
Remodelling

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13
Q

First stage of bone healing

A

Heamatoma- blood vessels are torn around the fracture and are clotted and area becomes inflamed.

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14
Q

Second stage of bone healing

A

Fibrocartilagious callus

Couple days after injury and lasts for a couple weeks.

New blood vessels appear, debris is cleared (osteoclasts), fibroblasts, cartilage and osteo cells begin reconstruction of bone (soft)

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15
Q

Third stage of bone healing

A

Bony callus

Can last several months

Soft callus begins to be layered to create boney hard callus. Osteoblasts help create the hard bone

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16
Q

4th stage of bone healing

A

Remodelling

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to finalise and reshape the bone

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17
Q

Osteoarthritis
What is it

A

Degenerative breakdown of the cartilage

18
Q

Osteoarthritis
Risk factors

A

Age 45+
Females
Obesity
Family Hx
Physical demands

19
Q

Osteoarthritis
Symptoms

A

Pain, tenderness, morning stiffness <30min, ⬇️ROM,

20
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis
What is it

A

Auto immune that affects the synovial membrane and causes inflammation and pain.

Affects many joints bilaterally

21
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis
Symptoms

A

Stiffness >30 min and mostly when rested, pain and inflammation present

22
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis
Diagnosed

A

Bilateral symtoms
Ultrasound imaging- inflammation of synovial membrane (synovitis)

23
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Breakdown the formation of bone lowering the density.

24
Q

Osteoporosis
What happened within the bone

A

There is more osteoclasts then osteoblasts so bone gets absorbed more.

Within the bone:
Cortical bone (outer layer thins)
Widening of canals where blood flows
⬇️Trabeculae (structure support middle of bone)

25
Q

Osteoporosis
Factors

A

Alcohol
Smoking
Low calcium and vitamins
Females ⬇️oestrogen
Genetics
Activity

26
Q

Fractures
How to physio

A

Strengthen surrounding muscles.
Encourage to weight bare
Prevention of falls (mobility/ balance)
Use of aids

27
Q

Types of fracture (10)

A

Open/ closed
Incomplete:
Hairline
Green stick
Complete:
Oblique
Spiral
Communuted
Longitudinal
Epiphseal

28
Q

Hairline fracture

A

Partial/ incomplete

29
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Incomplete fracture- from bending (children)

30
Q

Oblique

A

Compression of bones (spine) (osteoporosis)

31
Q

Transverse

A

Tension of bone (patella)

32
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Twisting of bone

33
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

3 or more pieces usually by high impact

34
Q

Epiphyseal fracture

A

Growth plate fracture

35
Q

Longitudinal fracture

A

Fracture going down the bone

36
Q

Diabetes 2
What is it

A

Metabolic disorder that doesn’t create enough insulin for glucose to enter organs leading to high blood sugar

37
Q

Diabetes 2
What happens

A

Pancreas creates insulin
Organ cells (insulin receptors) become resistant to insulin that take in the glucose
Leaving there to be high glucose level in the blood stream

38
Q

Cause of diabetes

A

Genetic
Obesity
Age
Poor diet

39
Q

Diabetes
Symptoms

A

Frequent urine
Frequent thirst
Fatigue/ tired
Blurred vision

40
Q

Wolffs law

A

More stress put on bone through loading the more dense and stronger it gets

Vise versa

MSc Physio (7 decks)

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