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business > Human Resources > Flashcards

Human Resources Flashcards

1
Q

Organisational structure

A

The way in which a business arranges itself internally to carry out its activities.

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2
Q

Role

A

Fulfilling a task or duty within a business.

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3
Q

Span of control

A

The number of employees a manager is directly responsible for.

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4
Q

Delayering

A

The removal of one or more levels of hierarchy from a business’s organisational structure.

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5
Q

Communication

A

The exchange of information between 2 or more people.

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6
Q

Centralised

A

Businesses where important decisions are made by senior managers.

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7
Q

Directors

A

Most senior - strategic decisions

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8
Q

Managers

A
  • Oversee employees

* Run the business day to day

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9
Q

Team Leaders

A

Oversee a small group of workers.

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10
Q

Workers

A

Day to day tasks.

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11
Q

Hierarchy

A

The levels of importance in an organisation chart

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12
Q

Delegate

A

Passing over responsibility to a subordinate

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13
Q

Subordinate

A

A person in a lower level of hierarchy

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14
Q

Chain of command

A

How communication gets passed down the business

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15
Q

Span of control

A

The number of people you are responsible for

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16
Q

Authority

A

Having power over other employees

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17
Q

Line manager

A

Where one employee is in charge of another less important employee

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18
Q

Function

A

Where the business is organised according to what each department does

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19
Q

Organisation chart

A

The internal structure of a business

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20
Q

Flat structure

A
  • Few layers of hierarchy

* Wider span of control

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21
Q

Tall structure

A
  • Many layers of hierarchy

* Narrow span of control

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22
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of flat organisational structure

A

Benefits:
• Quicker communication as there are fewer layers for messages to pass through
• Cheaper as few managers employed

Drawbacks:
• Employees may not be very well controlled and quality of work could suffer
• Training costs in ensuring workers can cope with additional responsibility

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23
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of tall organisational structure

A

Benefits:
• Managers can closely supervise quality of work
• Responsibility is kept in the hands of senior managers so less risk of costly mistakes

Drawbacks:
• Communication can easily be distorted and misunderstood
• Slow decision making as the chain of command is lengthy

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24
Q

Decentralised

A

All staff are empowered to make decisions

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25
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of centralised

A

Benefits:
• Decisions are made by experienced people
• Decisions are taken for the benefit of the whole business

Drawbacks:
• No ideas or suggestions from staff
• Some senior managers may abuse their position of power and influence decisions

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26
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of decentralised

A

Benefits:
• Reduces the stress on senior team
• Quicker decisions are made

Drawbacks:
• Decisions may be made that do not fit with the business aims
• Poor Decisions made could harm the entire business

27
Q

Recruitment

A

The process of finding and appointing new employees

28
Q

Job description

A

Outlines the tasks and duties of the role

29
Q

Shortlisting

A

How a business selects who to interview based on who best matches the job description/person specification

30
Q

Internal recruitment

A

Looking within the business to fill the position

31
Q

Person specification

A

Outlines the desirable qualities a person must possess for a role

32
Q

External recruitment

A

Appointing someone externally to fill the position

33
Q

Part time

A

Where employees work less than 35 hours a week

34
Q

Job share

A

Where two or more people share a single full time job

35
Q

Full time

A

Where employees work often over 35 hours a week

36
Q

Zero hours

A

The employer is not obliged to give the employee a minimum number of hours

37
Q

Benefits of full time

A
  • Fewer staff required in total
  • Employees may feel more secure and motivated
  • Lower recruitment and selection costs
38
Q

Benefits of part time

A
  • Staff can be employed just to cover busy times

* Two workers may be more flexible than one

39
Q

Reasons new recruitment is required

A
  • Someone left
  • Business expands
  • New position
  • ill
40
Q

Benefits of recruiting the best staff

A
  • Motivated staff
  • Increased productivity
  • Save costs
  • Loyalty
  • Easier to recruit
41
Q

Recruitment process

A
  1. Identify the vacancy
  2. Undertake job analysis
  3. Draw up a job description
  4. Draw up a person specification
  5. Advertise the vacancy
  6. Short list applicants
  7. Select applicants
  8. Appoint a candidate
42
Q

Methods of selecting the best employees

x2

A
  • Physchometric tests - a test to find out whether someone’s personality is suitable for a job/ who will fit best in the team
  • Assessment Centres - A group of participants undertake a series of job-related exercises under observation, so that skills, competencies, and character traits can be assessed
43
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of external recruitment

A

Benefits:
• New ideas and fresh outlook could assist the business in moving forward
• Minimises jealously from other existing employees as an outsider is appointed

Drawbacks:
• Could find it difficult to fit with the business’s culture
• Much more expensive form of recruitment

44
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of internal recruitment

A

Benefits:
• Provides workers with an incentive for promotion that can be motivating
• Quicker and cheaper form of recruitment

Drawbacks:
• Creates a vacancy that has to be filled
• Can create internal conflict

45
Q

Motivation

A

Desire to complete a task

46
Q

Importance of motivation

A
  • Staff retention
  • Increased productivity
  • Increased quality
  • Enjoy job
47
Q

Financial and non-financial methods of motivation

A

Financial:
• Training
• Salary

Non-financial:
• Greater responsibility
• Style of management

48
Q

Wages

A

Paid per hour that you work, normally weekly

49
Q

Fringe benefits

A

Benefits on top of your pay e.g. mobile phone, health insurance or company car

50
Q

Commission

A

A sum of money given to employees when they have sold their target amount of the product

51
Q

Job rotation

A

Giving employees different tasks to do to keep it interesting

52
Q

Training

A

A method of increasing the skills of an employee

53
Q

Profit sharing

A

Given a small % of the profit a business makes

54
Q

Working environment

A

Ensuring employees have a pleasant place to woke with adequate facilities

55
Q

Share options

A

Giving employees shares within the company at a reduced rate

56
Q

Praise

A

Telling employees they have done a good job

57
Q

Empowerment

A

Allowing employees to make decisions

58
Q

Bonus’s

A

Given a sum of money for good work, sometimes at Christmas

59
Q

Salaries

A

An annual sum given to employees, normally paid at the end of the month

60
Q

Promotion

A

Giving employees a position or higher responsibility, normally with a wage increase

61
Q

Team working

A

Allowing employees to work together

62
Q

Management style

A

The way in which a senior member of staff leads their business, how they treat people

63
Q

Job enrichment

A

Giving employees more interesting and challenging tasks

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