Human Resources Flashcards

(63 cards)

1
Q

Organisational structure

A

The way in which a business arranges itself internally to carry out its activities.

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2
Q

Role

A

Fulfilling a task or duty within a business.

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3
Q

Span of control

A

The number of employees a manager is directly responsible for.

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4
Q

Delayering

A

The removal of one or more levels of hierarchy from a business’s organisational structure.

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5
Q

Communication

A

The exchange of information between 2 or more people.

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6
Q

Centralised

A

Businesses where important decisions are made by senior managers.

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7
Q

Directors

A

Most senior - strategic decisions

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8
Q

Managers

A
  • Oversee employees

* Run the business day to day

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9
Q

Team Leaders

A

Oversee a small group of workers.

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10
Q

Workers

A

Day to day tasks.

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11
Q

Hierarchy

A

The levels of importance in an organisation chart

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12
Q

Delegate

A

Passing over responsibility to a subordinate

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13
Q

Subordinate

A

A person in a lower level of hierarchy

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14
Q

Chain of command

A

How communication gets passed down the business

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15
Q

Span of control

A

The number of people you are responsible for

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16
Q

Authority

A

Having power over other employees

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17
Q

Line manager

A

Where one employee is in charge of another less important employee

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18
Q

Function

A

Where the business is organised according to what each department does

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19
Q

Organisation chart

A

The internal structure of a business

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20
Q

Flat structure

A
  • Few layers of hierarchy

* Wider span of control

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21
Q

Tall structure

A
  • Many layers of hierarchy

* Narrow span of control

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22
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of flat organisational structure

A

Benefits:
• Quicker communication as there are fewer layers for messages to pass through
• Cheaper as few managers employed

Drawbacks:
• Employees may not be very well controlled and quality of work could suffer
• Training costs in ensuring workers can cope with additional responsibility

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23
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of tall organisational structure

A

Benefits:
• Managers can closely supervise quality of work
• Responsibility is kept in the hands of senior managers so less risk of costly mistakes

Drawbacks:
• Communication can easily be distorted and misunderstood
• Slow decision making as the chain of command is lengthy

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24
Q

Decentralised

A

All staff are empowered to make decisions

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25
Benefits and drawbacks of centralised
Benefits: • Decisions are made by experienced people • Decisions are taken for the benefit of the whole business Drawbacks: • No ideas or suggestions from staff • Some senior managers may abuse their position of power and influence decisions
26
Benefits and drawbacks of decentralised
Benefits: • Reduces the stress on senior team • Quicker decisions are made Drawbacks: • Decisions may be made that do not fit with the business aims • Poor Decisions made could harm the entire business
27
Recruitment
The process of finding and appointing new employees
28
Job description
Outlines the tasks and duties of the role
29
Shortlisting
How a business selects who to interview based on who best matches the job description/person specification
30
Internal recruitment
Looking within the business to fill the position
31
Person specification
Outlines the desirable qualities a person must possess for a role
32
External recruitment
Appointing someone externally to fill the position
33
Part time
Where employees work less than 35 hours a week
34
Job share
Where two or more people share a single full time job
35
Full time
Where employees work often over 35 hours a week
36
Zero hours
The employer is not obliged to give the employee a minimum number of hours
37
Benefits of full time
* Fewer staff required in total * Employees may feel more secure and motivated * Lower recruitment and selection costs
38
Benefits of part time
* Staff can be employed just to cover busy times | * Two workers may be more flexible than one
39
Reasons new recruitment is required
* Someone left * Business expands * New position * ill
40
Benefits of recruiting the best staff
* Motivated staff * Increased productivity * Save costs * Loyalty * Easier to recruit
41
Recruitment process
1. Identify the vacancy 2. Undertake job analysis 3. Draw up a job description 4. Draw up a person specification 5. Advertise the vacancy 6. Short list applicants 7. Select applicants 8. Appoint a candidate
42
Methods of selecting the best employees | x2
* Physchometric tests - a test to find out whether someone’s personality is suitable for a job/ who will fit best in the team * Assessment Centres - A group of participants undertake a series of job-related exercises under observation, so that skills, competencies, and character traits can be assessed
43
Benefits and drawbacks of external recruitment
Benefits: • New ideas and fresh outlook could assist the business in moving forward • Minimises jealously from other existing employees as an outsider is appointed Drawbacks: • Could find it difficult to fit with the business’s culture • Much more expensive form of recruitment
44
Benefits and drawbacks of internal recruitment
Benefits: • Provides workers with an incentive for promotion that can be motivating • Quicker and cheaper form of recruitment Drawbacks: • Creates a vacancy that has to be filled • Can create internal conflict
45
Motivation
Desire to complete a task
46
Importance of motivation
* Staff retention * Increased productivity * Increased quality * Enjoy job
47
Financial and non-financial methods of motivation
Financial: • Training • Salary Non-financial: • Greater responsibility • Style of management
48
Wages
Paid per hour that you work, normally weekly
49
Fringe benefits
Benefits on top of your pay e.g. mobile phone, health insurance or company car
50
Commission
A sum of money given to employees when they have sold their target amount of the product
51
Job rotation
Giving employees different tasks to do to keep it interesting
52
Training
A method of increasing the skills of an employee
53
Profit sharing
Given a small % of the profit a business makes
54
Working environment
Ensuring employees have a pleasant place to woke with adequate facilities
55
Share options
Giving employees shares within the company at a reduced rate
56
Praise
Telling employees they have done a good job
57
Empowerment
Allowing employees to make decisions
58
Bonus’s
Given a sum of money for good work, sometimes at Christmas
59
Salaries
An annual sum given to employees, normally paid at the end of the month
60
Promotion
Giving employees a position or higher responsibility, normally with a wage increase
61
Team working
Allowing employees to work together
62
Management style
The way in which a senior member of staff leads their business, how they treat people
63
Job enrichment
Giving employees more interesting and challenging tasks