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OCR A Level Business > Human Resource Management > Flashcards

Human Resource Management Flashcards

1
Q

What selection does

A

Review applications
Interview
Shortlist candidates
Appoint new employee

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2
Q

Methods of selection

A

Letter of application (cover letter) - document sent with CV or form
Interviews
Tests

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3
Q

Dismissal

A

Removal from position or service

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4
Q

Grievance

A

Cause of distress unsatisfactory working conditions

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5
Q

Employment tribunals

A

workplace justice for deciding disputes with workers

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6
Q

Functions of management

A

Planning
Organising
Leading
Controlling

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7
Q

Constraints of management

A

Time
Scope
Costs

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8
Q

Tannenbaum and Schmidt Contingency approach

A

Tell - identify problems
Sell - sell the decision
Consult - presents problem to group
Participate - defines problem

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9
Q

Why is Tannenbaum approach useful

A

Leaders are made aware and reflect on decisions

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10
Q

Adair 3 circles

A

Achieve task
Build team
Develop individual

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11
Q

Leadership styles

A

Autocratic - full control
Paternalistic - control diluted
Laissez faire - employee little direction
Democratic - power with whole group

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12
Q

McCelland theory

A

Employee have dominant needs, managers should identify and motivate accordingly

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13
Q

3 needs of McCelland

A

Achievement.
Affiliation
Power

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14
Q

Herzberg theory, 2 factor theory

A

Hygiene - pay, working
Motivating - job enrichment, praise

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15
Q

Limitations of Herzberg theory

A

Employees may categorise the factors in different ways I.e some may regard pay as motivating

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16
Q

Maslow hierarchy of needs

A

Self actualisation - helps employees to reach goals
Esteem -opportunity for leadership
Social - interaction with colleagues
Safety
Physiological - fair wage, allows breaks

17
Q

Maslow limitations

A

Challenge to meet needs of every employee

18
Q

Vroom theory

A

Expectancy - employee make decisions based on what they expect will happen
Instrumentality - if you perform well a valued outcome will be received
Valence - value placed on reward on offer

19
Q

Vroom calculation

A

Expectancy x instrumentality x valence

20
Q

Vroom Limitations

A
  • Cost of financial rewards might be too high for business
  • doesn’t work in all contexts
21
Q

Management by objectives

A

Review structures
Set objectives
Monitor
Evaluate
Reward

22
Q

Locke goal setting theory

A

Clarity - goals shouldn’t be vague so employees have clear ideas
Challenge - goals need to be challenging
Feedback - essential so progress can be gauged
Complexity - employees shouldn’t feel out of depth

23
Q

Locke limitations

A

Employee may focus on goal rather than job
Goal setting requires monitoring
Can be demotivating if goal not achieved

24
Q

Human resource objectives

A

organisational goals
work culture
training and development
employee motivation
empowering employees

25
Q

Chain of command

A

who employees should report back to and consult for supervision

26
Q

Centralisation

A

business decisions are made at the top of the business and distributed down to chain of command

27
Q

Decentralisation

A

process of distributing power away from the centre of an organisation

28
Q

Span of control

A

number of people who report directly to manager

29
Q

Delegation

A

transfer responsibility from one person to another

30
Q

Difference between tall and flat structures

A

tall = narrow span of control
flat = wide spans of control

31
Q

Difference between formal and informal communication

A

Formal = sharing official workplace information
Informal = opposite

32
Q

Group norms

A

spoken or unspoken rules guide how team members interact, collaborate effectively

33
Q

Verbal communication methods

A

face to face
phone call
zoom

34
Q

Non verbal communication methods

A

posture
gestures

35
Q

Communication media

A

face to face
written
electronic
mass

OCR A Level Business (8 decks)

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