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yr 2 science > human reproductive system > Flashcards

human reproductive system Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the parts of the human male reproduction system

A
  • sex glands
  • urethra
  • sperm duct
  • testis
  • penis
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2
Q

what does the sex glands do

A
  • produce nutrient fluid to norish the sperm
  • allow the sperm to swim
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3
Q

what does the urethra do

A
  • a tube that allows sperm to pass through during ejaculation
  • allow urine to be removed from the body
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4
Q

what does the sperm duct do

A

carries sperm from the testes to the urethra

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5
Q

what does the testis do

A
  • produce sperm
  • produce male sex hormones that contral sexual development in the body
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6
Q

what does the penis do

A

deposits semen into the vagina during ejaculation

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7
Q

definition of semen

A

a white liquid made up of nutrient fluid and sperm

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8
Q

what are the parts of the human female reproductive system

A
  • ovary
  • uterus
  • oviduct
  • vagina
  • cervix
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9
Q

what does the ovary do

A
  • produces eggs
  • produces female sex hormones that control sexual development in the body
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10
Q

what does the uterus do

A
  • a muscle ogran where an embryo develops into a foetus during pregnancy
  • contains a lining called the uterine lining, which thickens to prepare for implantation and breaks down when no fertilisation occurs
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11
Q

what does the oviduct do

A
  • a tube through which an egg is released from the ovary
  • fertilisation usually takes place here
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12
Q

what does the vagina do

A

sperm are deposited here

(also known as birth canal)

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13
Q

what does the cervix do

A
  • opening of the uterus
  • connects the uterus to the vagina
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14
Q

what does the placenta do

A

exchange waste, food and nutrients for the fetus

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15
Q

what is step 1 to fertilisation

A
  • during sexual intercourse, the male penis is inserted into the vagina.
  • semen containing sperm are deposited in the vagina
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16
Q

what is step 2 to fertilisation

A

sperm cell swim up through the cervix, into the uterus and into the oviduct

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17
Q

what is step 3 to fertilisation

A
  • the sperm cell may meet an egg cell coming down one of the oviducts
  • only one sperm fertilises the egg
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18
Q

what is step 4 to fertilisation

A

head of sperm cell enters the egg cell

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19
Q

what is step 5 to fertilisation

A

fertilisation occurs when the nucleus of the sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of the egg cell

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20
Q

what happens to the rest of the sperms

(after fertilisation)

A

die (eventually)

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21
Q

menstrual cycle includes …

A
  • mestruation
  • ovulation
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22
Q

what happens on day 1-5

(during menstrual cycle)

A
  • mentruation occurs
  • uterine lining breaks down
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23
Q

what happens on day 6-9

(during menstrual cycle)

A

uterine lining thickens

24
Q

what happens on day 10-15

(during menstrual cycle)

A
  • ovulation occurs
  • one ovary will release an egg into the oviduct
  • fertile period -> sexual intercourse during this period is more likely to result in pregnancy
25
Q

what day does ovulation usually happen

A

14

26
Q

what happens on day 16-28

(during menstrual cycle)

A

uterine lining continues to thicken

27
Q

what is the lifespan of an egg

(after being released from ovary)

A

1 day

28
Q

what is the lifespan of sperm

A

3-5 day

29
Q

if an egg has been fertilised, what happens after day 28

A
  • mentruation will not occur
  • fertilised egg travels down the oviduct to the uterus, where it will be implanted in the uterine lining
30
Q

what are the types of birth control methods

2 types

A
  1. temporary
  2. permanent
31
Q

types of temporary birth control methods

A
  • rhythm method
  • condom
  • spermicide
  • intra-uterine device (IDU)
  • birth control pills
  • diaphram
32
Q

explain rhythm methods

A
  • couples avoid engaging in sexual intercourse when woman is ovulating or during fertile period of menstrual cycle
  • unreliable method: may still lead to pregnancy
33
Q

explain condom

A
  • thin rubber covering placed pver the penis before sexual intercourse
  • prevents sperm from entering uterus
34
Q

explain spermicide

A

cream applied inside the vagina to kill sperm

35
Q

explain intra-uterine device (IUD)

A
  • fitted by a doctor into the uterus of a woman
  • prevents sperm from fertilising an egg
  • prevents an embryo from being implanted in the uterus
36
Q

how long can a IUD last

A

3-10 years

37
Q

explain birth control pills

A
  • contains female sex hormones that disupts ovulation
  • preventing fertilisation from occurring
38
Q

explain diaphram

A
  • dome shaped plastic
  • placed in vagina to cover the cervix
  • prevents sperm from entering the uterus and reaching the oviduct
39
Q

types of permanent birth control methods

A
  • vasectomy (male)
  • tubal ligation (female)
40
Q

explain vasectomy

A
  • sperm ducts are sugically cut and tied
  • prevents sperm from being released through the penis
  • sperm produced will die
41
Q

explain tuabl ligation

A
  • oviducts are sugically cut and tied
  • prevents eggs released from ovaries from reaching oviducts to be fertilised
42
Q

what does STI stand for

A

sexually transmitted infections

43
Q

what are the types of STIs

A
  • human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  • sypilis
  • gonorrhoea
44
Q

what causes HIV

A

virus

(transmitted by virus)

45
Q

what are the symptoms of HIV

A
  • headache
  • sore throat
  • fever
  • muscle ache
  • fatigue

(flu-like symptoms)

46
Q

what are the long term effects of HIV

A
  • development into AIDS
  • complications from other infections
  • death
47
Q

what is the cause of syphilis

A

bacteria

(transmitted by bacteria)

48
Q

what is the treatement for HIV

A

no cure

49
Q

what are the symptoms of syphilis

A
  • painless sores
  • red rashes
  • fever
  • sore throat
  • patchy hair loss
  • weight loss
  • muscle ache
  • fatigue
50
Q

what are the long term effects of syphilis

A
  • blindness
  • paralysis
  • major brain and heart damage
  • infertility
51
Q

what is the treatment for syphilis

A

antibiotics

52
Q

what is the cause of gonorrhoea

A

bacteria

(transmitted by bacteria)

53
Q

what is the symptoms of gonorrhoea

A
  • burning sensation during uniration
  • discharge of puss from penis or vagina
  • pain in lower abdomen
54
Q

what is puss

A

thick yellow liquid formed in infected body tissue

55
Q

what are the long-term effects for gonorrhoea

A
  • infertility
  • long-term pelvic or abdomen pain
56
Q

what is the treament for gonorrhoea

A

antibiotics

yr 2 science (8 decks)

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