human reproductive system Flashcards
what are the parts of the human male reproduction system
- sex glands
- urethra
- sperm duct
- testis
- penis
what does the sex glands do
- produce nutrient fluid to norish the sperm
- allow the sperm to swim
what does the urethra do
- a tube that allows sperm to pass through during ejaculation
- allow urine to be removed from the body
what does the sperm duct do
carries sperm from the testes to the urethra
what does the testis do
- produce sperm
- produce male sex hormones that contral sexual development in the body
what does the penis do
deposits semen into the vagina during ejaculation
definition of semen
a white liquid made up of nutrient fluid and sperm
what are the parts of the human female reproductive system
- ovary
- uterus
- oviduct
- vagina
- cervix
what does the ovary do
- produces eggs
- produces female sex hormones that control sexual development in the body
what does the uterus do
- a muscle ogran where an embryo develops into a foetus during pregnancy
- contains a lining called the uterine lining, which thickens to prepare for implantation and breaks down when no fertilisation occurs
what does the oviduct do
- a tube through which an egg is released from the ovary
- fertilisation usually takes place here
what does the vagina do
sperm are deposited here
(also known as birth canal)
what does the cervix do
- opening of the uterus
- connects the uterus to the vagina
what does the placenta do
exchange waste, food and nutrients for the fetus
what is step 1 to fertilisation
- during sexual intercourse, the male penis is inserted into the vagina.
- semen containing sperm are deposited in the vagina
what is step 2 to fertilisation
sperm cell swim up through the cervix, into the uterus and into the oviduct
what is step 3 to fertilisation
- the sperm cell may meet an egg cell coming down one of the oviducts
- only one sperm fertilises the egg
what is step 4 to fertilisation
head of sperm cell enters the egg cell
what is step 5 to fertilisation
fertilisation occurs when the nucleus of the sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of the egg cell
what happens to the rest of the sperms
(after fertilisation)
die (eventually)
menstrual cycle includes …
- mestruation
- ovulation
what happens on day 1-5
(during menstrual cycle)
- mentruation occurs
- uterine lining breaks down
what happens on day 6-9
(during menstrual cycle)
uterine lining thickens
what happens on day 10-15
(during menstrual cycle)
- ovulation occurs
- one ovary will release an egg into the oviduct
- fertile period -> sexual intercourse during this period is more likely to result in pregnancy
what day does ovulation usually happen
14
what happens on day 16-28
(during menstrual cycle)
uterine lining continues to thicken
what is the lifespan of an egg
(after being released from ovary)
1 day
what is the lifespan of sperm
3-5 day
if an egg has been fertilised, what happens after day 28
- mentruation will not occur
- fertilised egg travels down the oviduct to the uterus, where it will be implanted in the uterine lining
what are the types of birth control methods
2 types
- temporary
- permanent
types of temporary birth control methods
- rhythm method
- condom
- spermicide
- intra-uterine device (IDU)
- birth control pills
- diaphram
explain rhythm methods
- couples avoid engaging in sexual intercourse when woman is ovulating or during fertile period of menstrual cycle
- unreliable method: may still lead to pregnancy
explain condom
- thin rubber covering placed pver the penis before sexual intercourse
- prevents sperm from entering uterus
explain spermicide
cream applied inside the vagina to kill sperm
explain intra-uterine device (IUD)
- fitted by a doctor into the uterus of a woman
- prevents sperm from fertilising an egg
- prevents an embryo from being implanted in the uterus
how long can a IUD last
3-10 years
explain birth control pills
- contains female sex hormones that disupts ovulation
- preventing fertilisation from occurring
explain diaphram
- dome shaped plastic
- placed in vagina to cover the cervix
- prevents sperm from entering the uterus and reaching the oviduct
types of permanent birth control methods
- vasectomy (male)
- tubal ligation (female)
explain vasectomy
- sperm ducts are sugically cut and tied
- prevents sperm from being released through the penis
- sperm produced will die
explain tuabl ligation
- oviducts are sugically cut and tied
- prevents eggs released from ovaries from reaching oviducts to be fertilised
what does STI stand for
sexually transmitted infections
what are the types of STIs
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- sypilis
- gonorrhoea
what causes HIV
virus
(transmitted by virus)
what are the symptoms of HIV
- headache
- sore throat
- fever
- muscle ache
- fatigue
(flu-like symptoms)
what are the long term effects of HIV
- development into AIDS
- complications from other infections
- death
what is the cause of syphilis
bacteria
(transmitted by bacteria)
what is the treatement for HIV
no cure
what are the symptoms of syphilis
- painless sores
- red rashes
- fever
- sore throat
- patchy hair loss
- weight loss
- muscle ache
- fatigue
what are the long term effects of syphilis
- blindness
- paralysis
- major brain and heart damage
- infertility
what is the treatment for syphilis
antibiotics
what is the cause of gonorrhoea
bacteria
(transmitted by bacteria)
what is the symptoms of gonorrhoea
- burning sensation during uniration
- discharge of puss from penis or vagina
- pain in lower abdomen
what is puss
thick yellow liquid formed in infected body tissue
what are the long-term effects for gonorrhoea
- infertility
- long-term pelvic or abdomen pain
what is the treament for gonorrhoea
antibiotics
