electrical systems Flashcards
what is in the nucleus
- protons
- neutrons
what is the charge of neutrons
0
what is the charge of protons
+1
what is the charge of electrons
-1
what are anions
negetively charge ions
what are cations
positively charge ions
Substances that conduct electricity are called
conductors
what are common conductors
metal
what is the flow of electricity
positive → negetive
components of a circuit
- cell (battery)
- wire
- bulb
- switch
definition of electrical current
rate at which the electric charge flows
how to measure electrical charge
ammeter
SI unit for electrical charge
ampere (A)
definition of potential difference
The amount of energy needed to move a unit of charge from one point to another in an electrical circuit
SI unit for potential difference
volt(V)
definition of electrical resistance
The measure of how much a component opposes the flow of an electric current
Conductors of electricity have _ electrical resistance
low
insulators of electricity have _ electrical resistance
high
SI unit for electrical resistance
ohm (Ω)
application of resistors
increasing / decreasing brightness of a light bulb
where are ammeters located
series
where are voltmeters located
parallel
what are resistors made of
- made from a mixture of fine carbon particles and a non-conductive ceramic material.
- The more carbon, the less the resistance
difference between parallel and series
- number of paths
- brightness of bulbs
- if one bulb is removed/damaged
number of paths in series circuit
- only one path
- currents pass through components one after another
number of paths in parallel circuit
- 2 or more paths
- currents split up and passes through each branch at the same time
- paths are independent of each other
brightness of bulbs in series
dimmer
brightness of bulbs in parallel
brightness
if one bulb is removed/damaged in series circuit
- electrical current cannot flow through the circuit
- remaining bulb(s) will not light up
if one bulb is demoved/damaged in parallel circuit
- electrical current can still flow through the other paths
- other bulb(s) will still light up
what are the types of resistors
- viable
- fixed
Why are two bulbs connected in parallel usually brighter than two bulbs connected in series?
- Voltage is shared by two bulbs connected in series
- Voltage experienced by both bulbs connected in parallel is the same
which resistor has the arrow through it
viable
formula for how much electricity was used
Power (kW) X Time (h) = kWh
formula for cost
Cost per kWh ($) X [Power (kW) X Time (h)]
