Human Reproduction and Genetics Flashcards
The Fallopian Tube
Carry the egg to the uterus fertilisation occurs here
Ovaries
Store and release eggs
The uterus (womb)
is where the egg becomes fertilised
Gamete
is a sex cell
The male gamete
Sperm
The female gamete
The egg/Ovum
Ovulation
An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days
Fertile Period
The days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant
Testes
testes produce sperm
The Sperm Duct
Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis
The Gland and Vesicles
Produce seminal fluid which mixes with the sperm to form semen (allows sperm to swim)
The Penis
Enters the female and ejaculates Semen
Puberty
Puberty describes when the body starts sexually mature (normally between the ages of 10 and 15)
Puberty in males
Puberty in males sex hormones ( testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm
The cervix
Leads to the vagina to the uterus
Vagina
Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse
Puberty in Females
When the sex hormones ( oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop hips widen and hair begins to grow on the body
Compilation
Is another name for sexual inter course
Implantation
Occurs when the fertilised egg lodges itself in the lining of the uterus
Zygote
The egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell
Embryo
Division of the zygote occurs and it grows.Attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation)
Foetus
After 8 weeks looks like a human
Pregnancy
The average length of human of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
Amniotic fluid
This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo .This bursts during delivery of the baby “waters breaking”
Umbilical cord
Joins the embryo to the placenta
Placenta
The placenta is rich in blood vessels it is here that food and oxogen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood . Also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers
Birth
Begins when the uterus muscles start to contract .The bag of amniotic fluid bursts “waters bursting” and further contractions push the baby out usually head first. The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after
Labour
Muscles of the uterus contract
Family planning
To control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place
Natural methods of contraception
Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid inter course during the fertile period
Artificial methods of contraception
Prevent the sperm and egg meeting E.g condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina
Abstain
No method is 100% reliable, to abstain from sex ( to not have sexual intercourse ) is the only way to avoid pregnancy
Condoms
Can prevent pregnancy
They can also prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases ( STD’s) or sexually transmitted infections (STI’s)
