Human Population Test Study Guide Flashcards
Define population
group of interbreeding individuals of the same species, usually living together in a group
Characteristics of populations
- Size
- Density
- Distribution
- Sex ratio
- Age structure
Characteristics of K-selected species
species that have relatively few offspring and devote a large amount of time, energy, and resources towards nurturing and raising their young. low biotic potential, remain close to carrying capacity and constant pop size
Examples of K-selected species
humans, elephants, horses and cows
Equation for Population Size
initial population + (births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration)
Exponential Growth
illustrates the drastic population growth produced by animals with high biotic potential.
Equation for Crude Death Rate (CDR)
of deaths/ 1000 people –> to get the death rate % divide by 10
Equation for Doubling Time
70/(annual % growth rate) remember the Rule of 70
Define crude
meaning that age structure is not taken into account
Logistic Growth
s-shaped curve; exponential growth is temporary and is followed by a gradual decline until it meets the logistic carrying capacity (or a drought or famine occurred)
Age structure diagrams and what they show
Show current and future population trends. Include expansive, stable, and constrictive. (look at notes for this one)
Total Fertility Rate and what it says about their country
The average number of children born to a woman in a country. A high TFR is common in underdeveloped countries where prevention and education is low. This could also occur due to religious or societal reasons like young marriages and what’s common within their community.
Population Density
- The number of individuals per unit area.
Reasons a population would increase
- Large number of baby boom women in reproductive years
- Large number of unmarried mothers
- High fertility rates in certain ethnic groups
- high levels of immigration
- Inadequate family planning services
Population Density Independent
- Factor that influence an individuals chance of survival that does not on the population size.
- Natural disasters, climate change
Total Fertility Rate and what it says about their country
The average number of children born to a woman in a country. A high TFR is common in underdeveloped countries where prevention (birth control) and education is low. This could also occur due to religious or societal reasons like young marriages and what’s common within their community.
Infant Mortality Rate and what it says about their country
The average number of babies that die before their first birthday out of every 1,000. A low IMR means that the population is increasing and life expectancy is high, Underdeveloped countries could experience a high IMR due to lack of medical care from being less advanced.
Population Density
the number of individuals in a population per unit area. Usually more resources and a larger area are necessary for species that are larger in size, whereas smaller organisms don’t need as much space or as many resources.
Examples of r-selected species
spiders, fish, frogs
Characteristics of and r-selected species
small organisms that have short gestation periods and produce thousands of offspring at a time. energy and resources are put into producing offspring rather than raising the young. short lives, pop size varies but usually below carrying capacity
Population Density Dependent
- Factors that influence an individuals chance of survival and that depends on the population size.
- Predators, competition, disease
Biotic Potential
The ideal conditions that allows organism to grow at its maximum rate (less competition, abundance of food, less predators)
Equation for Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
of births/ 1000 people –> to get the birth rate % divide by 10
