Chapter 16 Vocab

Question 1

Waste

Answer 1

Material outputs from a system that are not useful or consumed.

Question 2

Planned obsolescence

Answer 2

Refuse collected by municipalities from households, small businesses, and institutions.

Question 3

Municipal solid waste (MSW)

Answer 3

Refuse collected by municipalities from households, small businesses, and institutions.

Question 4

Waste stream

Answer 4

The flow of solid waste that is recycled, incinerated, placed in a solid waste landfill, or disposed of in another way.

Question 5

Reduce, reuse, recycle

Answer 5

the fundamentals taught in elementary school especially reading, writing, and arithmetic. the fundamental skills in a field of endeavor.

Question 6

source reduction

Answer 6

The reduction of waste through minimizing the use of materials destined to become municipal solid waste (MSW) from the early stages of design and manufacture.

Question 7

reuse

Answer 7

reusing a soon-to-be discarded product or material

Question 8

recycling

Answer 8

The process by which materials destined to become municipal solid waste (MSW) are collected and converted into raw material that is then used to produce new objects.

Question 9

closed-loop recycling

Answer 9

Recycling a product into the same product.

Question 10

open-loop recycling

Answer 10

Recycling one product into a different product.

Question 11

composting

Answer 11

organic material that has decomposed under controlled conditions to produce an organic-rich material

Question 12

leachate

Answer 12

the water that leaches through the solid waste and removes various chemical compounds with which it comes into contact

Question 13

sanitary landfill

Answer 13

An engineered ground facility designed to hold municipal solid waste (MSW) with as little contamination of the surrounding environment as possible.

Question 14

tipping fee

Answer 14

A fee charged for disposing of material in a landfill or incinerator.

Question 15

siting

Answer 15

The designation of a landfill location, typically through a regulatory process involving studies, written reports, and public hearings.

Question 16

incineration

Answer 16

The process of burning waste materials to reduce volume and mass, sometimes to generate electricity or heat.

Question 17

ash

Answer 17

The residual nonorganic material that does not combust during incineration.

Question 18

bottom ash

Answer 18

Residue collected at the bottom of the combustion chamber in a furnace.

Question 19

fly ash

Answer 19

The residue collected from the chimney or exhaust pipe of a furnace.

Question 20

waste-to-energy

Answer 20

the process of generating in the form of electricity and/or heat from the incineration of.

Question 21

hazardous waste

Answer 21

Waste material that is dangerous or potentially harmful to humans or ecosystems.

Question 22

superfund act

Answer 22

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), a 1980 U.S. federal act that imposes a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries, funds the cleanup of abandoned and nonoperating hazardous waste sites, and authorizes the federal government to respond directly to the release or threatened release of substances that may pose a threat to human health or the environment.

Question 23

brownfields

Answer 23

contaminated industrial or commercial sites that may require environmental cleanup before they can be redeveloped or expanded

Question 24

life-cycle analysis

Answer 24

A systems tool that looks at the materials used and released throughout the manufacturing, use, and disposal of a product; also known as life-cycle analysis.

Question 25

integrated waste management

Answer 25

A waste management technique that employs several waste reduction, management, and disposal strategies to reduce the environmental impact of municipal solid waste (MSW).