human population Flashcards
8.1 billion
current global pop.
10 billion
expected final human pop.
projected a carrying capacity issue for humans in which we could not grow enough food in 1798
Thomas Malthus
allowed for human population growth to increase 12000 years ago
agriculture
coincides with industrial revolution leading to rapid pop. growth, due to medical advances, urbanization, rapid food production, shared info, and better sanitation
mortality revolution
basic survival: 20 billion
optimists: 10-12 billion
pessimists: past
earth’s carrying capacity
standardized method allowing comparison between populations, rate per 1000 people
crude rates
average number of children per woman
2.32 globally, high of 4.62, low of 1.56
total fertility rate
TFR where population stays stagnant, 2.1
replacement fertility
explains how pop. evolves as an economy develops
demographic transition model
birth rates high so children will work, high fluctuating death rates due to disease and famine, low overall population
DTM phase 1
mortality transition, people live longer and birth rates stay high, pop. starts to increase
DTM phase 2
fertility transition birth rates drop due to increased urbanization, death rates keep dropping, pop. continues to increase
DTM phase 3
stability transition, birth rates low but fluctuate, death rates stay low, large pop. starts to stabalize
DTM phase 4
lower birth rate than death rate causing overall pop. decrease
ex: Japan
DTM phase 5
graphical means to show pop. distribution by age and sex
population pyramids
population dominated by working age people with great economic growth
ex: China
demographic window
waiting on stability transition, high fertility, unrest, crime, and terrorism high
ex: Afghanistan
youth bulge
workers support the aging with extended working years
ex: Japan
aging bulge
impact*population size *affluence *technology measure of environmental impact
IPAT identity
