Human Population Flashcards
As of April 2017, the world population is estimated ot have reached ____
7.5 Billion
can be generally defined as a group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area at a given time
population
study of populations and their interactions with their environment
population ecology
Understanding the dynamics of human population requires knowledge of
the general principles of population ecology
the environment influences populations in terms of its
density and distribution, age, structure, size
the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population
dispersion
most common pattern of population dispersion
clumped pattern
when individuals are evenly spaced over the area they occupy
uniformly pattern
pattern seen in species whose individuals do not have close interactions
uniformly pattern
individuals of a population have an unpredictable distribution
random pattern
pattern is common in species that prefer solitary lives
random pattern
represents the maximum population size that a particular environment can support
carrying capacity
Three major factors that account for the population increase
- Humans developed the ability to expand into diverse habitats and different climate zones
- Emergence of early and modern agriculture
- Development of sanitation systems, antibiotics, and vaccines
Human population growth continues but it is ______
unevenly distributed
Our activities have directly affected, to some degree, about ___ of the earth’s land surface as our ecological footprints have spread across the globe
83%
Population size increases because of
births and immigration
Population size decreases through
deaths and emigration
the actual level of reproduction of a population per individual
fertility
also known as birth rate
fertility rate
also known as death rate
mortality rate
act of someone coming to live permanently in a foreign country
immigration
leaving own country to settle permanently to another country
emigration
average number of children born to each woman, over the woman’s lifespan
total fertility rate
an accelerating pattern of increasing population size
exponential growth
According to ________, once the population size exceeds available resources, population growth decreases dramatically.
Malthus model
shows how birth rates and death rates change over time as a country becomes more developed
demographic transition model
the preindustrial stage; both birth rates and death rates are high
Stage 1
Sanitation improvements; food production increases; falling death rates
Stage 2
birth rates are higher than death rates
Stage 3
birth rates and death rates drop to low
Stage 4
average number of years that a person in a particular population is expected to live
life expectancy
entire number of people of all ages, living in all countries throughout the world
global population
study of human populations
demography
collect and process information about population processes such as fertility, mortality, and migration
demographers
