Human Person, Human Act, and Conscience Flashcards
“A person is a being who has a capacity for enjoyable experiences, for interacting with others, and for having preferences about continued life.” According to _____.
Peter Singer
According to John Harris, A person is any being who is capable of__________.
Valuing their own life
Logical Implications:
First, in order to be
regarded as a person, you must have an
Advanced level of brain function / functioning cerebral cortex.
Logical Implications:
Second,
Group of human beings who are “non-persons”.
Examples of non-persons
Include fetuses, newborn babies and infants who lack self-awareness, and a large
group of children and adults with congenital brain abnormalities, severe brain injury, dementia, and major psychiatric illnesses.
Logical Implications:
Third,
Non-human beings on the
planet who meet the criteria of persons.
Non-humans beings example:
These include at least chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, and dolphins, and many other mammals.
OTHER NOTABLE IDEAS FROM THE
PHILOSOPHERS REGARDING A PERSON
-Have moral rights and privileges.
-Allowed to exercise their own
choices or autonomy.
-Same rights and privileges do not extend to non-persons.
KINDS OF CONSCIENCE
-Correct or True Conscience
-Erroneous or False Conscience
-Certain Conscience
-Doubtful Conscience
-Scrupulous Conscience
-Lax Conscience
Judges what is good as good and what is evil as evil.
Correct or True Conscience
Judges incorrectly that what is good is evil and what is evil is good.
Erroneous or False Conscience
Example: Getting a property of another without consent is stealing.
A. Correct or True Conscience
B. Erroneous or False Conscience
A. Correct or True Conscience
2 types of Erroneous or False Conscience
- Inculpable Conscience
- Culpable Conscience
An erroneous conscience whose error is NOT willfully intended.
Inculpable Conscience
An erroneous conscience whose error is due to neglect, or malice.
Culpable Conscience
Example of Culpable Conscience: Cheating in an examination is okay since it helps me pass the exam and nonetheless everybody
does it anyways.
True or False
TRUE
A subjective assurance of the lawfulness of unlawfulness of a certain act.
Certain Conscience
This implies that the person is sure of his decision.
Certain Conscience
A vacillating conscience, unable to form a definite judgement on a certain action.
Doubtful Conscience
True or False:
A doubtful conscience must be first allowed to settle its doubts
before an action is performed.
TRUE
A rigorous conscience, extremely afraid of committing evil.
Scrupulous Conscience
A meticulous and wants
incontrovertible proofs before it acts.
Scrupulous Conscience
The one which refuses to be bothered about distinction of good and evil.
Lax Conscience
Example: A person had paid 100 pesos he owed from a friend.
What type of Conscience?
Certain Conscience
Example: A man worries if his prayers aren’t enough God would be angry at him.
What type of Conscience?
Scrupulous Conscience
