Human Person, Human Act, and Conscience

Question 1

“A person is a being who has a capacity for enjoyable experiences, for interacting with others, and for having preferences about continued life.” According to _____.

Answer 1

Peter Singer

Question 2

According to John Harris, A person is any being who is capable of__________.

Answer 2

Valuing their own life

Question 3

Logical Implications:
First, in order to be
regarded as a person, you must have an

Answer 3

Advanced level of brain function / functioning cerebral cortex.

Question 4

Logical Implications:
Second,

Answer 4

Group of human beings who are “non-persons”.

Question 5

Examples of non-persons

Answer 5

Include fetuses, newborn babies and infants who lack self-awareness, and a large
group of children and adults with congenital brain abnormalities, severe brain injury, dementia, and major psychiatric illnesses.

Question 6

Logical Implications:
Third,

Answer 6

Non-human beings on the
planet who meet the criteria of persons.

Question 7

Non-humans beings example:

Answer 7

These include at least chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, and dolphins, and many other mammals.

Question 8

OTHER NOTABLE IDEAS FROM THE
PHILOSOPHERS REGARDING A PERSON

Answer 8

-Have moral rights and privileges.
-Allowed to exercise their own
choices or autonomy.
-Same rights and privileges do not extend to non-persons.

Question 9

KINDS OF CONSCIENCE

Answer 9

-Correct or True Conscience
-Erroneous or False Conscience
-Certain Conscience
-Doubtful Conscience
-Scrupulous Conscience
-Lax Conscience

Question 10

Judges what is good as good and what is evil as evil.

Answer 10

Correct or True Conscience

Question 11

Judges incorrectly that what is good is evil and what is evil is good.

Answer 11

Erroneous or False Conscience

Question 12

Example: Getting a property of another without consent is stealing.

A. Correct or True Conscience
B. Erroneous or False Conscience

Answer 12

A. Correct or True Conscience

Question 13

2 types of Erroneous or False Conscience

Answer 13

1. Inculpable Conscience
2. Culpable Conscience

Question 14

An erroneous conscience whose error is NOT willfully intended.

Answer 14

Inculpable Conscience

Question 15

An erroneous conscience whose error is due to neglect, or malice.

Answer 15

Culpable Conscience

Question 16

Example of Culpable Conscience: Cheating in an examination is okay since it helps me pass the exam and nonetheless everybody
does it anyways.

True or False

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

A subjective assurance of the lawfulness of unlawfulness of a certain act.

Answer 17

Certain Conscience

Question 18

This implies that the person is sure of his decision.

Answer 18

Certain Conscience

Question 19

A vacillating conscience, unable to form a definite judgement on a certain action.

Answer 19

Doubtful Conscience

Question 20

True or False:
A doubtful conscience must be first allowed to settle its doubts
before an action is performed.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

A rigorous conscience, extremely afraid of committing evil.

Answer 21

Scrupulous Conscience

Question 22

A meticulous and wants
incontrovertible proofs before it acts.

Answer 22

Scrupulous Conscience

Question 23

The one which refuses to be bothered about distinction of good and evil.

Answer 23

Lax Conscience

Question 24

Example: A person had paid 100 pesos he owed from a friend.

What type of Conscience?

Answer 24

Certain Conscience

Question 25

Example: A man worries if his prayers aren’t enough God would be angry at him.

What type of Conscience?

Answer 25

Scrupulous Conscience