Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

April Finals > Human Nutrition Leftovers > Flashcards

Human Nutrition Leftovers Flashcards

1
Q

Lecithin is an example of phospholipids. TorF

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A fatty acid that contains no double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain is called a saturated fatty acid. TorF

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydrogenation is done to convert unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids TorF

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nutrition Recommendations Canada, recommend that we consume no more than ____ % calories from saturated fat.

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following is the most abundant class of lipids?

A

Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hydrogenated margarine is solid at room temperature because it contains

A

Saturated and trans fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

World health organisation recommends that we should get no more than 10% of our total calories from trans fats. TorF

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

All proteins act as enzymes. TorF

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids when consumed in high amounts can increase blood LDL levels. TorF

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

An atherogenic diet is _____ in saturated and trans fats, and _____ in whole grains, vegetables and fruits.

A

High, Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

EPA and DHA are essential fatty acids. TorF

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Olive oil is better than canola oil because olive oil is lower I saturated fat than is the canola oil. TorF

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The two essential fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids. TorF

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Amino acids differ from one another with respect to the number of amine groups they contain. TorF

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acids denature proteins. TorF

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which mineral toxicity increase our risk of hypertension?

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Deficiency of ______ leads to goitre

A

Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pica is the

A

tendency to eat non-food items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Premenopausal women have higher needs for ____ than do the men.

A

Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which is the most abundant Mineral in our body?

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which provides the maximum calories among minerals?

A

NONE, vitamins and minerals have 0 calories.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What group absorbs the maximum amount of calcium from their diet?

A

Children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hemochromatosis is

A

A genetic disorder where the iron absorption in unregulated and can lead to excess iron absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is NOT a good source of calcium

A

Butter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which of the following minerals maintains fluid volume inside the cells?

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which vitamins act as antioxidants?

A

Vitamins C and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which vitamin supplement should a vegan person consider taking?

A

Vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A person who smokes has higher DRI which of the following vitamins?

A

VItamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Deficiency of which of the following vitamins in pregnant women leads to neural tube defects in their children?

A

Folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The more processed a food the more ____ it contains and the less ______ it contains>

A

sodium, potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Thiamin deficiency can lead to

A

beriberi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What food would NOT be considered a good source of Vitamin C?

A

Milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which vitamins lead to an increase in blood homocysteine levels?

A

Both vitamin B12 and vitamin B6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Genetics is the major cause of obesity. TorF

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which people would you not use BMI(body mass index) for?

A

Body builders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Taller people have higher basal metabolic rate than shorter people. TorF

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

A characteristic of bulimia nervosa is

A

The person says within their normal BMI range

38
Q

To lose a pound of fat, a person would need to have a negative energy balance of

A

3500Cal

39
Q

Starvation reduces a person’s basal metabolic rate. TorF

A

True

40
Q

Which is NOT a benefit of physical activity?

A

Reduces insulin sensitivity

41
Q

For the same level of activity, trained muscle use more energy from glucose than do the untrained muscles. TorF

A

False

42
Q

Fat can be broken down to give energy in ______ state(s)

A

Only aerobic

43
Q

Maximum how much sugar should be there in your drink during the activity?

A

7%

44
Q

When a marathon runner does carbohydrate loading, they should take complete rest and eat no carbohydrates o the last day before their final race. TorF

A

False

45
Q

How much protein is needed to boil a pound of muscles?

A

70-105g

46
Q

Anaerobic activity (no oxygen)

A

maximal exercise of short duration, energy (ATP) from glucose (glycogen), and produces lactic acid

47
Q

Aerobic activity:

A

Moderate activity, requires oxygen, produces carbon dioxide, energy ATP, from glucose(glycogen) & fat highly trained muscles use less glucose and more fat than untrained muscles, turn glycogen longer

48
Q

What is the recommended percentage of calories that comes from fat?

A

Too low <20%cals
Recommendations 20-30%

49
Q

Protein: Physical Activity

A

-Eating protein with CHO within 2hours post activity can enhance muscle protein synthesis
-CHO rich diet spares protein from being used as fuel
-protein is needed for both endurance and strength athletes

50
Q

1lb of muscle = ?

A

70-105g protein (limit to 2lb per week)

51
Q

How do Supplements, Vitamin E, and Iron help athletes?

A

Supp: If well nourished = nothing, can help if deficient
Vit E: may protect against (exercise induced) oxidative stress
Iron: female athlete are at risk for iron deficiency, aenemia can impair performance

52
Q

Energy Balance

A

-Balance occurs when energy in = energy out (wt maintenance)

For weight loss, negative energy balance is needed (opposite is true as well)

Energy intake: foods, beverages

Energy expenditure: 50-65% BMR (basal metabolic rate)
25-50% voluntary activity
5-10% thermic effect of food (increased metabolism for 5hrs after eating)

53
Q

What factors affect BMR?

A

Age, Height, Body composition, fever, stress, environmental temperature, fasting, starvation, malnutrition, thyroxin

54
Q

How does thyroxin affect BMR?

A

The higher the levels of thyroxin, the higher your BMR.

Two conditions: Hypothyroidism ((low) and Hyperthyroidism (high)

55
Q

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A

Normal 18.5-24.9 (lower 20s is the lowest risk of mortality)
Underweight <18.5
Overweight 25-29.9
Obese (30-39.9)
Extreme obese (>40)

56
Q

Anthropometry

A

the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.

57
Q

Waist circumference

A

healthy: <102 cm or 40 inch (males), <88cm or 35inch (females)

Central obesity is associated with increased risk of death form all causes than gynecoid

58
Q

Density and Conductivity

A

Density: lean tissue is more dense than fat, underwater weighing (body volume & density)
Conductivity: bioelectrical impedance (BIA): lean tissue and water conduct electrical current

59
Q

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

A

Technique to see how much fat is in the body. For total body fatness, fat distribution and bone density

60
Q

Hunger

A

physiological need to eat, sensation that demands relief

61
Q

Appetite

A

psychological desire to eat, learned motivation (not eating because you are hungry but because you like it )

62
Q

Satiation

A

Perception of fullness that build throughout meal (fullness of a meal, yet children get forced into eating more food)

63
Q

Satiety

A

Perception of fullness that lingers after meal (inhibits eating until next meal), (fullness after finishing a meal)

64
Q

Leptin

A

Appetite suppressing hormone produced in fat cells; operates on feedback mechanism (Satiate hormone, tells our brain not to eat. Leptin signals our body to stop eating)

65
Q

Enzyme Theory:

A

people who are more obese, have more LPL (an extracellular enzyme on the vascular endothelial surface that degrades circulating triglycerides in the bloodstream)

66
Q

Fat Cell Number theory

A

If children are overweight or obese, they are more likely to to stay that way.

67
Q

Set-Point theory

A

the body may choose a weight it want to be and defend that weight by regulating behaviours and metabolic activities

68
Q

Thermogenesis I

A

Proteins control the body’s heat production, a type of adipose tissue, brown fat, has abundant energy wasting proteins

69
Q

Thermogenesis II

A

when we are eating more calories, our body isn’t getting rid of more calories

70
Q

Thermogenesis III

A

certain food leads to more heat production than the others.

71
Q

Is obesity genetic?

A

No, the idea that a very small fraction of the population has this genetic condition has now been debunked

72
Q

Obesity: Outside the Body Factors

A

External cues to overeat:
-wide variety delectable foods, human sensations/emotions
time of day, stress

Food:
-pricing, availability, and advertising

Physical inactivity

73
Q

What is a healthy body weight?

A

Ideal body weight isn’t one specific weight, what is important is the body composition.

74
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, self starvation to the extreme, and disturbed perception of body weight & shape.

75
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

recurring episodes of binge eating combined with a morbid fear of becoming fat, usually followed by self-induced vomiting or purging (also non-purging fasting, excessive exercise)

76
Q

Binge Eating Disorder

A

Similar to bulimia, except rarely purge or use compensatory behaviour

77
Q

Water: as a nutrient

A

most indispensable of all nutrients (3days without it before death), makes up 60% of adult body weight (arteries, veins, capillaries, cells, tissues, and organs)

78
Q

Water: functions

A

transport for nutrients and wastes
universal solvent
body/s cleaning agent
lubricant/cushion for joints
protection for sensitive tissue
maintenance of body temperature

79
Q

Thirst

A

-Pituitary gland signaled to release hormone (kidney shift water back to bloodstream)
-When blood too concentrated, or blood volume/pressure too low, hypothalamus initiates nerve impulse
-Lags behind lack of water

80
Q

Dehydration

A

symptoms: thirst, weakness, exhaustion, delirium, can lead to death

81
Q

Water intoxication

A

Dilution of body fluids due to excessive intake of plain water
Symptoms: headache, muscular weakness, lack of concentration, poor memory, loss of appetite

82
Q

Body fluids and minerals

A

most of body’s water inside the cells; some on outside(remainder fills blood vessels)
Major minerals for salts (water follows salt)
Cells move salts across their membranes (prevents collapse/swelling)

83
Q

7 Major Minerals

A

calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, magnesium

84
Q

Trace Minerals

A

iodine, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, fluoride, chromium, manganese, molybdenum

85
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A reduction in bone bass of older people
Bones becomes porous and fragile
Although the fractures often develop later in life, osteoporosis silently develops earlier

86
Q

Development of Osteoporosis

A

Cortical bone: ivory-like, dense – forms outer shell of bone and shaft of long bone
Trabecular bone: web-like, lattice of calcium containing crystals (strength & Ca bank)

(Losses of bone)
Trabecular: begins in mid 20’s
Cortical: begins ~ 40

87
Q

Vitamins

A

essential, non-caloric organic nutrients. needed in very small amounts, cofactors (helpers) in cell functions

88
Q

Fat Soluble: Vitamins

A

A, D, E, K
dissolve in lipid, require bile for absorption, transported in lymph, stored in tissue, may be toxic in excess

89
Q

Poorly planned vegetarian diets can lack:

A

Iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin B12, vitamin D

90
Q

Poorly planned omnivorous diets can lack:

A

Vit A, Vit C, folate, and fibre

91
Q

Lipids

A

soluble in organic solvents but not in water (and our body is mostly water)

92
Q

3 Classes of Lipids

A

Triglycerides, Fatty acids (short, medium, and long), Degree of saturation (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated)

April Finals (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions