Human Nutrition Flashcards
Why is vitamin c important
nutrient your body needs to form blood vessels, cartilage, muscle and collagen in bones
why is vitamin d important
helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body
why is calcium important
plays an important role in blood clotting, helping muscles to contract, and regulating normal heart rhythms and nerve functions
why is iron important
making red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body
why is fibre important
for our digestive health and regular bowel movements
what causes scurvy
lack of vitamin c
what causes rickets
lack of vitamin d or calcium
alimentary canal order
mouth, oesophagus,
stomach, small intestine (duodenum and
ileum) and large intestine (colon, rectum,
anus)
what is ingestion
taking in of substances
what is digestion
breakdown of food
what is absorption
the movement of nutrients from
the intestines into the blood
what is assimilation
uptake and use of nutrients by
cells
egestion
the removal of undigested food
from the body as faeces
what are the two types of digestion
mechanical and chemical
what is mechanical digestion
breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small insoluble food molecules
what does physical digestion do in relation to surface area
physical digestion increases the
surface area of food for the action of enzymes in
chemical digestion
shape and function of incisors
chisel-shapes to cut food
shape and function of canines
pointed to tear food
shape and function of premolars
grind and mash food
shape and function of molars
uneven cusps to chew food
shape of enamel
hardest tissue made from calcium salts
shape of dentine
major part. hard, bone-like contains living cells
shape of pulp cavity
red central space containing blood vessels and nerves
shape of gum
soft tissue surrounding bone
