human neurophysiology Flashcards
PNS
sensory, motor systems
cns
Brain, spinal cord
sensory system
afferent (to brain) from muscles+ organs
motor system
efferent (away from brain) to muscles & organs
enteric nervous system
largest endocrine & immune organ. separate from cns, respond to ANS
Gut microbiota
90%. of total cell count, digest nutrients & release NT / hormones
Dopamine
motor control, habits, motivation
norepinephrine
stress, memory, attention
serotonin
90% in the gut (regulates intestinal movements)10% CNS ( regulates mood & sleep)
neuronal density
no. of neurons reflect body size
automatic nervous system
regulates function of internal organs & involuntary changes
sympathetic NS
prepares you
parasympathetic NS
calms down
predictions of intelligence
encephalisation quotient , neuronal density, frontal lobe uniqueness
Triune brain hypothesis
assumes intelligence is the same in all species & newer replaces old structures
prefrontal cortex controls
higher cognition. decision making
grey matter in human PFC
1.2 x higher than chimps
neurons percentage
50%, signals through electrical & chemical
Glia
50%,
microglia
phagocytosis, rubbish clearing
astrocytes
energy to nervous tissue
oligodendrocyte
act as axons
neural communication
receives info. from dendrites+ communicate down axon to synapse
grey matter
high concentration of neurons
white matter
long heavily myelinated axons across the brain
neuro modulation
3rd neuron releasing NT that increase or decrease transmission
EEG
polarised charge negative-neuron positive-synapse . EEG measures. opposite dipole from dendritic AP
event related potential
measure of potential related to event
positives of EEG
shows when neural activity occurs
Balconi & Ferrari 2012
shown faces negative - high response in posterior low response in Frontal regions opposite for positive
magnetic resonance imaging
magnet aligns to protons. radio frequency releases proton energy measured by MRI
functional MRI
neurons need oxygen MRI measures energy from iron protons
disadvantages of FMRI
cant infer causation due to external factors & don’t know what regions are actually doing
Brain lesions
Behaviour changes due to lesions
Surgery/ disease
Quian 2005
neuron in mid temporal gyrus-monkeys only responded to images of Jennifer Aniston
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
magnetic field generates electric current+ disrupts neurons-turn areas on & off
