attention CM Flashcards
active attention
deliberate, controlled by beliefs, top down
passive attention
captured by attention, controlled, bottom up
cocktail party effect, who
Cherry 1953
cocktail party effect, what
focus on characteristics of one voice to not register others
early selection who
Broadbent 1958
early selection what
filter out after the sensory buffer
evidence for early selection
cherry - messages in same voice at heard so tracking becomes difficult
Moray - messages not focused on aren’t remembered even if shown 35x
Action slips
unavoidable responses
Habit and goal in opposition
Automatic process
Broadbent filter theory
sensory buffer - filter - STM-report
limitations of Broadbent filter theory
unattended stimuli not always rejected
Processing of stimuli is flexible
late selection
Filter happens after recognition
deutsch and deutsch 1963
all info is processed for meaning
Remembered if response is given
Stimulus required
Treisman and Geffen 1967
2 dichotic messages primary - shadow by repetition
secondary - tap
favoured perception for meaning/type of word
central executive
determines goals
fails to check actions against goals
habits
factors that may affect goal directed behaviour
sobriety
frontal lobe damage
time constraints
triesman 1960
agrees with Broadbent but filter only attenuates processing
preattentive recognition
no searching so undivided attention
attentive recognition
searching and directing attention at lots
feature integration theory
1-preattentive stage (rapid scan)2-attentive stage (focus+ integrated with knowledge from 1.)
wolfe 1998
activated features of an object are searched, others are ignored
frontal lobe syndrome
disrupts goal directed behaviour
behaviour becomes controlled by habit+environment
shallice 1989
central executive is located in the frontal lobe
inhibition .
inhibits inappropriate responses to achieve goals
negative priming who
tipper and driver 1988
tipper and driver 1988
inhibit alternate responses to succeed
reaction time is slower
grouping
similar distractors are grouped
duncan and humphreys 1989
alot of distractors can be ignired due to grouping making recognition easier
targets 2 stage process
1- quick processing of info
2- slow search for target amongst similar candidates
endogenous
attentive controlled
exogenous
preattentive captured
stroop effect 1932
automatic meaning is processed
interference as colour+meaning processed at the same time
