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Life Science > Human Nervous System > Flashcards

Human Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system

A

The body’s control and communication centre

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the nervous system

A

It provides a continuous flow of information which enables us to perform every tasks

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3
Q

What are the major functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory, integrative and motor function

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4
Q

What is the sensory function of the Nervous System

A

Sensory receptors detect changes in the external/internal environment

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5
Q

What is Integrative function of the Nervous System

A

The CNS receives info and decides which effectors need to react to the stimulus

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6
Q

What is the Motor function of the Nervous System

A

Effectors bring about appropriate responses

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7
Q

What is Stimuli

A

Physical or chemical changes in the environment that can cause a response in an organism

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8
Q

What is an example of an internal stimuli

A

Blood pressure

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9
Q

What is an example of external stimuli

A

Temperature

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10
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

The Brain and Spinal cord

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11
Q

What is the CNS responsible for

A

For processing all info from our senses , and directing our movements and thoughts

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12
Q

How is the CNS protected

A

By three connective tissue membranes called Meninges and cerebro-spinal fluid and is enclosed with the cranium

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13
Q

What is the function of the cerebro-spinal fluid

A

Protects the CNS against shock and damage

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14
Q

What is the function of the cranium

A

It protects the brain against mechanical injuries

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15
Q

What are the meninges

A

Inner pia mater
Thin arachnoid membrane
Tough dura mater

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16
Q

What prevents jarring of the CNS, giving the body spring resilience

A

S-shape curvature of vertebral column n cartilaginous disks

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17
Q

What is the brain

A

The enlarged upper part of the spinal cord enclosed with the cranium

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18
Q

Parts of the brain

A

The Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Hypothalamus and Medulla oblongata

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19
Q

The Cerebrum

A

Has two cerebral hemispheres held together by the corpus callosum

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20
Q

What does the Corpus callosum do

A

Provides communication between hemispheres and the cerebral cortex and lower part of the CNS

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21
Q

What is the surface area of the Cerebrum made up of

A

Gyri( folds) and sulci (grooves)

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22
Q

What do Gyri and sulci fo

A

Enlarge the surface area so a large amount of brain cells can fit into a small cranial cavity

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23
Q

What is the Cerebral cortex

A

It’s the outer 3mm of Cerebrum made up of grey matter because of neuroplasm

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24
Q

What is the white matter

A

It’s below the grey matter, made up of mylinated nerve fibres ( fatty myelin- yt)

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25
Q

Motor functions of the Cerebrum

A

In the frontal lobe
Voluntary movements

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26
Q

Sensory functions of the Cerebrum

A

Receive and interpret impulses
Hearing, smelling & tasting in the temporal lobe
Sight in the occipital live
Skin feel in the parietal lobe

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27
Q

Function of the association cortex

A

Higher mental activities- frontal lobe
Intelligence, memory etc
Integrate and store info before it’s sent to motor areas

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28
Q

Where does the Cerebellum lie

A

Below the cerebruh

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29
Q

What is the arrangement of grey and white Matter of the Cerebellum

A

White matter looks like branches and is surrounded by the Grey matter which looks like the foliage

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30
Q

What are the functions of the Cerebellum

A

It controls coordination and balance

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31
Q

Where is the Hypothalamus

A

It lies below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland

32
Q

What are the functions of the Hypothalamus

A

Helps maintain homeostasis by maintaining body temperature, food intake n water balance
Is the centre for survival emotional response and behaviour
It secretes ADH n controls the release of all the hormones from pituitary gland

33
Q

Where is the Medulla oblongata

A

Forms the lowest part of the brain stem

34
Q

What is it Called when it passed the foramen magnum

A

The spinal cord

35
Q

What are the functions of the Medulla Oblingata

A

Serves as a pathway for impulses to n from the brain
Acts as a Reflex centre

36
Q

What reflexes does the Medulla Oblongata help control

A

Breathing, blood pressure by regulation vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Swallowing
Yawning
Coughing

37
Q

What is Vasodilation

A

It is the widening of blood vessels

38
Q

What is vasoconstriction

A

The narrowing of blood vessels

39
Q

What does yawning do

A

It forces cool air into your body

40
Q

What does coughing do

A

It helps open up breathing

41
Q

What does the Corpus Collasum do

A

It separates left from right

42
Q

What is the Spinal Cord

A

An elongated rod of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata through the foramen magnum situated in the vertebral canal

43
Q

What happens at the Spinal Cord

A

The meeting if the CNS and the PNS

44
Q

What are meninges

A

A thin tissue layer protecting the spinal cord

45
Q

What are intervertebral discs

A

Carteligenous parts between vertebrae

46
Q

What’s the function of intervertebral discs

A

Shock absorption
Allow bending

47
Q

How many bones does the vertebrae have

A

33

48
Q

What is the central Canal

A

It runs through the spinal cord in the centre of the grey matter
Filled with cerebro-spinal fluid

49
Q

What is the Grey matter made of

A

Nerve cell bodies
Dendrites
Synapses

50
Q

What is the White matter and what is it made of

A

It’s the fatty layer surrounding grey matter
Made up of axons with myelin sheaths

51
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31 pairs

52
Q

What is the dorsal groove

A

)
)
Shallow

53
Q

What is the ventral groove

A

It’s deep

54
Q

What is the dorsal root

A

Has sensory monopolar nerves coming in
Afferent
Has ganglion

55
Q

What is the ventral root

A

Has motor multipolar nerves going out
Efferent

56
Q

What is the dorsal ganglion

A

Has a small mass of neuron cell bodies

57
Q

What are the functions of the spinal cord

A

Pathway for impulses from receptors to brain to effectors
Spinal reflexes- very quick, think about after

58
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System made up of

A

Nerves that link the CNS to the receptors and effectors

59
Q

What are the 43 pairs of nerves

A

12 pairs- cranial connected to brain
31 pairs of spinal nervous entering & leaving the spinal cord

60
Q

What are the functions of the PNS

A

Motor functions
Sensory functions

61
Q

What are the sensory functions of the PNS

A

Collects info from receptors, transmits it via impulses along neurons to the CNS

62
Q

What are the motor functions of the PNS

A

Transmits impulses from CNS to effectors to bring about responses

63
Q

What is the motor division made up of

A

Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

64
Q

What is the SNS

A

Conducts impulses from CNS ti skeletal muscle & therefore controls all voluntary muscular movements

65
Q

What is the ANS

A

Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscles and glands & therefore controls involuntary muscles of glands
Maintains homeostasis

66
Q

What is voluntary

A

With conscious control by the brain

67
Q

What is involuntary

A

Without conscious control

68
Q

What is the ANS made up of

A

Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System

69
Q

What does the Sympathetic do

A

Works together with adrenalin in emergency situations that cause stress
Fight and flight
More oxygen, glucose & blood sent to skeletal muscles where cellular respiration is speeded up to release more energy for action

70
Q

What does the Parasympathetic do

A

Enables body to ‘rest and digest’
To recover from sympathetic stimulation- return to normal

71
Q

What does the ANS do in response to changing conditions

A

Speeds/ slows heart & respiratory rate
Adjusts blood pressure & temperature
Shunts blood to where it’s needed
Decreases/increases digestive secretions

72
Q

Double innervation

A

Organs innervated with nerves from both systems

73
Q

What is a coordinating system

A

A system that allows communication between the receptors and the effectors of the body to bring about appropriate reactions to the stimuli

74
Q

The nervous co-ordinating system

A

Responds the fastest and is brought about by impulses travelling along nerves

75
Q

The Endocrine co-ordinating system

A

Is slower and is brought about by chemicals called hormones which are carried in the blood

Life Science (6 decks)

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