Human Movement Science Flashcards
Superior
Positioned above a point of reference
Biomechanics
science concerned with the internal/external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces
Inferior
positioned below a point of reference
Proximal
positioned nearest the center of the body or point of reference
distal
positioned farthest from the center of the body or point of reference
anterior/ventral
on the front of the body
posterior/dorsal
on the back of the body
medial
positioned near the middle of the body
lateral
positioned toward the outside of the body
contralateral
positioned on the opposite side of the body
ipsilateral
positioned on the same side of the body
anatomic position
the position with the body reect with the arms at the sides and palms forward used for a place of reference
Sagittal Plane
an imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves – Parallel/ Front to Back Movements
Flexion
bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases
Extension
straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.
Frontal Plane
divides the body into front and back halves – Side to Side Movements
abduction
movement away from the midline of the body
adduction
moving towards the midline of the body.
Transverse Plane
divides between upper and lower/top and bottom halves – Rotational Movements
Primary Muscle Actions
Isontonic
Isometric
Isokinetic
Isotonic
Force is produced. Muscle Tension is developed. Movement occurs. Two Phases: Eccentric and Concentric
Isometric
Contractile Force equals resistive force. Dynamically stabilizes the body
Isokinetic
Requires sophisticated equipment. Fixed speed of movement. Resistance varies with force exerted.
Eccentric Muscle Action
The Negative portion of an exercise.When a muscle develops tension while lengthening. Prevents the resistance from accelerating downward uncontrollably
Isometric Muscle Action
When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in muscle length
Isokinetic Muscle Action
When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion
Concentric Muscle Action
When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle
Motor Learning
Leads to a permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements
Proprioception
Using information from mechanoreceptors to sense position and limb movements
Motor Control
Integrating sensory information with past experiences to produce a response
Motor Development
change in motor skill behavior over time
