Exercise Metabolism/Bioenergetics

Question 1

Substrates

Answer 1

material or substance on which an enzyme acts

Question 2

metabolism

Answer 2

all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body

Question 3

Exercise Metabolism

Answer 3

the examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed during exercise

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbs are eventually broken down to glucose, a simple sugar.

Question 5

Glucose

Answer 5

a simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbs, fat, and protein to a lesser extent, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel.

Question 6

Glycogen

Answer 6

the complex carb molecule used to store carbs in the liver and muscle cells. When carb energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells

Question 7

Fat

Answer 7

one of the tree main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types, saturated and unsaturated

Question 8

Triglycerides

Answer 8

the chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body

Question 9

Protein

Answer 9

amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consists of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds

Question 10

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 10

the formation of glucose from noncarb sources, such as amino acids

Question 11

Adenosine Triphosphate/ATP

Answer 11

energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body

Question 12

Adenosine Diphosphate/ADP

Answer 12

a high energy compound occurring in all cells from which ATP is formed

Question 13

ATP-PC System

Answer 13

Creates a new ATP molecule from a phosphocreatine/PC molecule. Simplest and fasted energy system, and occurs without oxygen/anaerobic. High intensity-short duration bouts of activity [power/strength training]

Question 14

Glycolysis System

Answer 14

Anaerobic glycolysis creates ATP through chemical breakdown of glucose. Produces significally greater energy than ATP-PC, but limited to 30-50 secs.

Question 15

Oxidative System

Answer 15

Uses subtrates with oxygen to generate ATP.

1 Aerobic Glycolysis
2 Krebs Cycle
3 Electron Transport Chain

Question 16

1.00 RQ

Answer 16

0% of calories derived from fat/100% from CHO

Question 17

0.7 RQ

Answer 17

100% calories from fat/0% from CHO

Question 18

0.85 RQ

Answer 18

49.3% calories from fat/50.7% derived from CHO

Question 19

Respiratory Quotient/RQ

Answer 19

The amount of CO2 expired divided by the amount of O2 consumed, measured during rest or at a steady state of exercise using a metabolic analyzer.