Human Microbiome Flashcards
The figure below shows fecal transplants from an obese/lean pair of monozygotic twins into germ-free mice led to (also in cohabitation)
increased fat mass in the mouse receiving the obese twin’s fecal transplant, unless it was cohoused with the mouse receiving the lean twin’s fecal transplant.
Microbes that colonize the skin need to be resistant to __________ salt and __________ pH.
high; low
The hygiene hypothesis states that the modern indoor lifestyle and ubiquitous antimicrobial substances have led to a(n) ____________
in the diversity of the microbes that make up the human microbiome, which in turn has led to a(n) __________
in inflammatory diseases in humans.
decrease, increase
Microbial species of the microbiota may interfere with colonization of pathogens by all EXCEPT which of the following mechanisms?
A. Competition for attachment receptors on host cells
B. Phagocytosis
C. Through the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds
D. Competition for food sources
Phagocytosis
Which of the following is true of the normal intestinal microbiota?
A. The microbes that are present will not harm the host if they colonize a different tissue.
B. There are up to two dozen different species present.
C. It can help aid digestion and absorption of nutrients.
D. The normal microbiota contains only bacterial species.
It can help aid digestion and absorption of nutrients
Cases of pseudomembranous enterocolitis (caused by C.diff overgrowth in response to antibiotic therapy) have been cured with fecal transplants in which the gut microbiome of a donor healthy person is transferred into the patient. Fecal transplants work to cure this resistant infection because
the donor’s healthy microbiome outcompetes the C. difficile and restores balance to the gut microbiome in the patient.
Which of the following is true of opportunistic pathogens?
A. They are always untreatable, being antibiotic resistant.
B. They usually infect people with normal, functioning immune systems.
C. They only infect unvaccinated people.
D. They may arise from normal microbiota.
They may arise from normal microbiota
What is NOT a factor in dysbiosis?
fecal transplant
Factors in dysbiosis
emotional stress
antibiotic therapy
dietary changes
dysbiosis
an “imbalance” in the gut microbial community that is associated with disease.
Where in the body would the mere presence of microbes indicate an infection
blood, it’s normally sterile, there is no normal microbiota
