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BIO 3124 Learning Goals + Smartworks > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Identify the main shapes of bacteria (morphology)

A
  • Coccus, Bacillus
  • Can range in size from visible by the human eye to X-ray crystallography
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2
Q

Strepto vs Staphyl

A

Chain vs Cluster

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3
Q

Gram +ve bacteria traits

A
  • thick cell wall
  • stains blue with gram stain
  • no outer membrane, maybe s-layer
  • thick peptidoglycan with a pentagly bridge between peptidoglycan
    glycocyl chains
    -teichoic acids between peptidoglycan
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4
Q

Glycocalyces

A
  • do not confer significant structural strength
  • poly saccharide layer
    Capsules or Slime layer
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5
Q

Capsules

A

tightly attached, tight matrix, visible if treated with India ink, found in all bacteria

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6
Q

Slime layer

A
  • loosely attached, easily deformed layer that assists in sticking to surfaces,
  • plays a role in biofilm formation
  • can act as a virulence factor cause it protects the bacteria from phagocytosis
  • prevents dehydration/desiccation
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7
Q

S-layer

A

Protective layer found in FREE LIVING (not lab grown) gram +, - and archaea with a crystalline layer consisting of proteins or glycoproteins, may contribute to cell shape and help protect the cell from osmotic stress

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8
Q

Gram -ve Cell wall

A
  • thin cell wall
  • just a peptide crosslink between 2 peptidoglycan
    -lipopolysaccharides
    lipid A: endotoxin
  • lipoprotein from outer mb and peptidoglycan
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9
Q

lysozyme

A

can destroy peptidoglycan
enzymes cleace glycoside bond between sugars
found in human secretions major defence against infection

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10
Q

gram -ve traits

A
  • thin cell wall
    -stains pink
  • LPS
    -lipoprotein
    outermembrane
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11
Q

gram +ve cell wall

A

-thick cell wall
-peptidoglycan with pentagly bridge
peptideglycan + teichoic acids
teichoic acids
- glycopolymer
helps generate PMF
protects against salt and temp
protects against Abx

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12
Q

acid-fast

A

light blue with gram
inner mb, peptidoglycan, mycolic acid (hydrophobic)

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13
Q

What is targeted by Abx

A

biggest target cell wall (b-lactams, penicillin, vancomycin literally all the host girls)

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14
Q

FtsZ

A

tubulin like, spherical shape, forms ring participates in septation

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15
Q

MreB

A

actin like, spiral, elongation, rod

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16
Q

crescentin

A

filament like, curvature in crescents

17
Q

Par system

A

segregates the dividing chromosome to the two polls
- a protein attaches to and recognizes genome
- ParM and actin like protein starts to polymerize pushing genome to opposite sides

18
Q

nucleiod

A

region where the DNA is found
Genetic information storage and gene expression

19
Q

ribosomes

A

made of RNA translation, protein synthesis

20
Q

Inclusion bodies

A

storage or reservoir

21
Q

endospores

A

dormant, protected versions of the bacteria, formed through sporulation kinda like a really intense hibernation come back when conditions are better, once you start you can’t really go back

22
Q

Flagella

A

swim
long thin appendages
uses PMF and dictates the speed
attractants cause CCW rotation bundle and push forward –> run
repellent or absence of attractants cause CW no bundle so tumble

23
Q

Fimbriae

A

help stick to surfaces or or form pellicles

24
Q

Pili

A

typically longer very few
conjugative pili or type IV adhere to host tissues

25
Q

types of locomotion

A

taxis response to them or physical gradients, swimming, gliding

26
Q

unique to bacteria

A
  • peptidoglycan, which is why it’s good target for Abx
  • inclusion
    -pili
27
Q

penicillin

A

inhibits transpeptidase that cross-links the peptides

28
Q

Vancomycin

A

prevents cross-bridge formation by binding to the terminal

29
Q

cell division

A

regulated by DNA replication,
2 ORI sites and red forks in opposite directions, FtsZ firms ring septum forms

30
Q

Polar bacterial cell differentiation

A

think of c. crescentus one pole is stalk others

BIO 3124 Learning Goals + Smartworks (12 decks)

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