human lung system & prevent water loss Flashcards
What is the definition of tidal volume
the volume of air in each breath
What is the definition of ventilation rate?
the number of breaths per minute
What is the definition of Forced expiratory volume?
maximum volume of air that can be breated out in 1 second
What is the definition of forced vital capacity?
maximum volume of air possible to breath forcefully ut of the lungs after a really deep breath
What is the definition of pulmonary ventilation rate?
Total volume of air moved into the lungs during one minute
What is the equation of pulmonary ventilation rate?
tidal volume x ventilation rate
What is Fix law?
surface area x difference in concentration gradient) / thickness of surface.
What is vital capacity?
the maximum amount of air you can inspire and expire in one breath
What is the definition of residual volume?
The amount of air that remains in a person’s lungs after maximum exhalation
What is the definition of total lung capacity?
volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
What is the definition of inspiratory reserve volume?
the amount of air a person can inhale forcefully after normal tidal volume inspiration
What is the definition of expiratory reserve volume?
the amount of air a person can exhale forcefully after a normal exhalation.
What is the equation for vital capacity?
tidal value + IRV + ERV
What is the equation of total lung volume?
residual volume + vital capacity
Describe and explain how the structure of the mammalian breathing system enables efficient uptake of oxygen into the blood ( 6 marks)
- alveoli provide a large surface area
- walls of alveoli thin to provide a short diffusion pathway
- walls of capillary thin/ close to alveoli provides a short diffusion pathway
- walls of capillaries alveoli have flattened cells
- cell membrane permeable to gases
- many blood capillaries to provide a large surface area
- Ventilation maintains a diffusion gradient
- wide trachea
- bronichioles allow efficient flow of air
- cartilage rings keeps airways open