human intervention in coastal landscapes

Question 1

what is coastal managements main 2 aims

Answer 1

-to provide against, and mitigate the impacts of flooding
-to provide protection against, and mitigate the impacts of coastal erosion

Question 2

name 4 hard engineering strategies

Answer 2

-sea walls
-rock amour
-gabions
-revetments
-groynes

Question 3

are hard engineering strategies short or long term

Answer 3

long term

Question 4

disadvantages of hard engineering

Answer 4

structures and be expensive to build and maintain
defence in one area can have serious consequences further down the coast
structures can be seen as eyesores

Question 5

how many strategies does Heysham and Morecambe have

Answer 5

5

Question 6

what is in strategy 1 at Morecambe

Answer 6

rock armour to enhance and protect the existing sea wall boulders were locally sourced limestone

Question 7

what is in strategy 2 at Morecambe

Answer 7

10 breakwaters and rock groynes were built at intervals Infront of the town used just under a million tonnes of local limestone

Question 8

what is in strategy 5 at Morecambe

Answer 8

concrete revetment and sea wall to the west of Heysham Head extending to the power station were repaired

Question 9

what are Morecambe bays classifications

Answer 9

Site of special scientific interest
special area of conservation

Question 10

how was the strategies carbon footprint reduced in Morecambe

Answer 10

by using local quarries

Question 11

how many tonnes of sand were used in Morecambe for beach nourishment

Answer 11

89,000

Question 12

what is soft engineering

Answer 12

uses the natural systems for coastal defence. it involves manipulating and maintaining these systems without changing there fundamental structure

Question 13

name 3 types of soft engineering

Answer 13

-beach nourishment
-dune regeneration
-managed retreat

Question 14

how large is Seftons’ dune area and how fast is it eroding

Answer 14

17km large and being eroded at 4.5m/year

Question 15

why does Formby attract visitors

Answer 15

beaches, sand dunes, pine forests, and local populations of rare red squirrels

Question 16

when was the Sefton coastal management scheme developed

Answer 16

1980s

Question 17

what id the sefton coastal management scheme include

Answer 17

planting old Christmas trees on the dunes to trap more sand and encourage dune regeneration.
build boardwalks to stop people trampling the dunes
fencing off areas of the sand dunes to restrict access