Human Impact on the Env. Flashcards
Describe global warming.
The gradual rise in the average
temperature of the Earth due to increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and methane gas.
What is the greenhouse effect?
The increase of global temperatures caused by the trapping of solar heat by gases in the atmosphere.
How might global warming affect the natural world?
- Temperature, rainfall, light levels etc. all affect survival
- Habitats may be destroyed by deforestation or flooding
Species may need to change their habitat, or face extinction
What is the nitrogen cycle?
The cycle through which nitrogen moves between living organisms and the environment, involving ammonification, nitrification, nitrogen fixation and denitrification.
How do plant roots take up nitrogen?
Taken up via active transport and facilitated diffusion as ammonium (NH +) and nitrate ions (NO2-).
Name the four types of bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle.
- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
- Nitrifying bacteria
- Denitrifying bacteria
- Decomposers
Describe ammonification.
The production of ammonium
compounds when decomposers feed on organic nitrogen-containing molecules.
Describe nitrification.
The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil or root nodules of legumes.
Give some examples of nitrifying bacteria.
- Azotobacter - lives freely in the soil
- Rhizobium - lives inside the root nodules of leguminous plants
Describe nitrogen fixation.
Conversion of ammonium ions to nitrate ions by nitrifying bacteria. Takes place in two stages:
Ammonium ions oxidised to nitrite ions
* Nitrite ions oxidised to nitrate ions
Name the two types of nitrifying bacteria. State their functions.
- Nitrosomonas - oxidises ammonium compounds into nitrites
- Nitrobacter - oxidises nitrites into nitrates
Describe denitrification.
The conversion of nitrate ions to nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria.
What are denitrifying bacteria?
Anaerobic microorganisms, found in waterlogged soils, responsible for the reduction of nitrate ions to nitrogen gas.
Describe the economic importance of the
nitrogen cycle.
Maximises plant growth and crop yield, increasing food production.
How can farmers increase the nitrate
content of soil?
- Ploughing and drainage to aerate the soil
- Application of fertilisers
Growing legumes
What are fertilisers?
Natural or artificial materials that are added to soils to provide essential nutrients and improve plant growth.