Human Health Rights and Intervention Knowledge Flashcards
What is the definition of development in the 21st Century?
The idea of what 21st Century life should consist of, including essentials like access to clean water and electricity, services, and opportunities.
What does GDP and GDP per capita measure?
Measures of wealth and mean wealth through income. A high GDP per capita could represent a high-earning population.
What is life expectancy?
An estimate of how long a person will live, based on predicted advances, current services, and the risk of diseases.
How does literacy rate correlate to economic output?
A well-educated workforce tends to earn higher wages, impacting their personal lives.
What does the infant mortality rate indicate?
Quality of healthcare and attitudes towards children, as infants are among the most vulnerable members of society.
What is the Happy Planet Index?
Links life expectancy, wellbeing, and equality with the impact of ecological footprint, without an economic component.
What does the KOF Index of Globalisation measure?
The strength of links between countries using economic, social, and political criteria.
What does the World Happiness Index measure?
Alternative ideas like social support, generosity, and corruption, based on population feelings about government transparency.
Which regions are considered the most developed according to the Human Development Index?
Northern America, Europe, Ireland, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.
What common factors contribute to the high development of certain nations?
- Large economies and advancing technology
- Well-structured cities and towns
- Free education systems
What unique development characteristic does Costa Rica have?
Abolished its army, spending its defense budget on education, health provisions, and pensions.
What significant health achievement does Vietnam have?
Relatively high life expectancy for a developing country due to large education and public service provisions.
What are some characteristics of Norway regarding the Happy Planet Index?
Free education, public pensions, healthcare, and a strong sense of community, though with a high ecological footprint.
Why might literacy rates be unreliable?
Countries often measure their own literacy rates, which may be inflated to avoid intervention.
What does Rosling argue about health and development?
Health and life expectancy directly correlate with a country’s development.
What is the Westernisation model in governance?
A model based on democracy and capitalism, where the population has equal rights in governance.
What is capitalism?
An economic system where industry is owned by private businesses, aimed at making profit.
What are the criticisms of Western development?
- Unsustainable lifestyles
- Conflicts with religious laws
- High inequality
What is Sharia Law?
A model of non-secular governance where law and religion are intertwined, differing significantly from Western laws.
What is Bolivia’s approach to sustainability?
The Law of Mother Earth, focusing on rights for nature and reducing resource consumption.
What are some characteristics of communism?
- State-owned industries
- Reduced competition
- Focus on regulated working conditions
What are the issues faced by authoritarian states?
- Persecution of dissent
- Limited freedoms
- Poor development records
What health challenges do developing countries face?
- Poor healthcare
- Malnutrition
- Lack of clean water
- Climate-related diseases
What health advantages do developed countries typically have?
- Excellent access to clean water
- Disposable income for health improvements
- Advanced healthcare access
What health issues are prevalent in developed nations?
- Lifestyle choices leading to obesity
- Urban susceptibility to infectious diseases
What causes variations in health within a country?
Directly related to inequality and economic conditions.
What are some reasons for the improvement in life expectancy in the UK?
- Changing employment
- Increasing wealth
- Stricter health regulations
What factors contribute to economic decline in UK counties?
Often due to deindustrialisation.
What factors contribute to higher life expectancies in certain populations?
Higher average incomes allow for spending on lifestyle improvements such as gym memberships and home-cooked foods
Higher life expectancies are often linked to better health and lifestyle choices.
What recent changes have contributed to fewer risks to life in the last decade?
Stricter health & safety regulations, increased vaccination programmes, and improved public knowledge of hazards
These changes have collectively reduced health risks in various environments.
Name two factors that can lead to lower life expectancies in certain UK areas.
- Economic decline due to deindustrialisation
- Cultural habits promoting excessive drinking and smoking
Specific regions like former mining towns in Scotland and Wales are affected.
What impact does urban density have on health?
Densely populated cities are more vulnerable to infectious diseases
High movement of people increases the risk of disease spread.
List three reasons for health inequality within a population.
- Gender
- Ethnicity
- Socio-economic groups
Health disparities can arise from various social and economic factors.
How can gender roles influence health outcomes?
Men may have lower life expectancies due to exposure to hazardous occupations, such as mining
This is evident in both England and Africa.
What is the relationship between socio-economic status and health?
Low socio-economic groups often work in riskier jobs and have lower education rates, affecting their health
Education influences health literacy and job opportunities.
What challenges do indigenous and minority communities face regarding health?
- Limited provisions for their culture
- Physical isolation from health services
These factors contribute to lower life expectancies and health issues.
What role does education play in a country’s development?
Education improves lifestyles, increases productivity, and enhances future opportunities
It is a key factor in breaking the cycle of poverty.
What is the purpose of night schools?
To provide vocational skills education for individuals above 18
Night schools can help improve productivity and income.
What is primary education and its significance?
Standard education up to age 11 that teaches basic reading and writing
It is crucial for health literacy and informed decision-making.
What are barriers to education in the 21st Century?
- Gender inequality
- Epidemics
- Conflict
- Corrupt governments
These factors can prevent children from attending school.
How does economic development relate to social development?
Higher income allows for investment in healthcare and education, improving social well-being
Economic growth can lead to better health outcomes.
What are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?
A framework for development focused on eradicating poverty, achieving universal education, and promoting gender equality
The MDGs were active from 2000 to 2015.
What was the outcome of the MDGs regarding poverty?
Halved the number of people living on $1.25, but 1 in 8 still remain hungry
Progress was made, but challenges persist.
What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?
A document with 30 articles outlining rights of freedom and justice, established in 1948
It serves as a foundation for international law.
What are the criticisms surrounding the UDHR?
It is seen as favoring Western values and imposing on traditional cultures
Some countries argue for prioritizing economic development over human rights.
What is the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)?
A treaty promoting democracy and freedom with 59 articles, aimed at unifying Europe
It has 47 signatories and addresses various human rights issues.
What does the Geneva Convention protect?
- Civilians
- Wounded armed forces
- Prisoners of war
- Shipwrecked navy forces
It sets international rules for wartime conduct.
What is the impact of political corruption on development?
It diverts resources from essential services, stifles economic growth, and undermines trust in government
Corruption disproportionately affects the poorest populations.
What is the focus of the British Human Rights Report?
To target countries notorious for modern slavery, discrimination, and homophobic attitudes
It aims to promote global human rights.
Name an example of cultural shift for women’s rights in Saudi Arabia.
Women gained the right to drive in 2016 due to public pressure
This change reflects evolving attitudes towards gender equality.
What educational initiative was supported by USAid in Pakistan?
A dairy project trained 9,000 women and provided scholarships for higher education
This initiative aimed to improve gender equality and education access.
