Diverse Places Knowledge Flashcards
Why does the UK’s population vary?
- unevenly distributed population due to differences in land conditions
- dense population in major cities
- low density populations in rural areas
Why did birth rate increase in the UK?
- Population growth
- Government policy
Why did death rate decrease in the UK?
- Developments in medicine
- Immunisation
- Clean water and sanitation
What happened in the 1960’s in the UK?
New housing, inward migration was high, transport developments particularly for people
What happened in the 1970’s in the UK?
Decline in the secondary industry, dereliction of ports and factories, high inward migration
What happened in the 1980’s in the UK?
Economic recession, government introduced tax incentives and SEZ’s, the internet came about, high inward migration
What happened in the 1990’s in the UK?
Net migration was of a high, international migration was also high, the smartphone was developed, the
What happened in the 1990’s in the UK?
Net migration was of a high, international migration was also high, the smartphone was developed, the NHS expanded by recruiting overseas
What happened in the 2000’s in the UK?
Suburbanisation, EU freedom of movement, social media was developed, EU expansion of members
What happened in the 2010’s in the UK?
Multicultural London, asylum seekers, Brexit
Rural urban continuum
Describes the gradual transition and interconnection between urban and rural areas, rather than viewing them as districts entirely
What is the order of the rural urban continuum?
Urban core
Urban sprawl
Expanded towns
Suburbanised markets/villages
Rural villages and farming areas
Remote rural tourism and second home areas
What suggests the changes in the stages of the rural urban continuum?
Population density and the characteristics of the built up environment
What processes drive change in local, national, and global demographics and cultures?
Movement of people, capital, information, and resources
These processes create demographic and cultural heterogeneity in places.
What is the trend in global population growth since 1500?
Exponential growth
This growth is influenced by increasing birth rates, decreasing death rates, and migration.
What demographic trend has been observed in the UK population over the last 50 years?
Uneven growth and ageing population
The proportion of over 65s is greater than the younger working population.
Which regions in the UK have experienced rapid population growth?
London and the south-east
In contrast, north-east England has grown at a much slower rate.
What does the rural-urban continuum classify?
Metropolitan counties by population size and nonmetropolitan counties by degree of urbanisation
It distinguishes areas based on their closeness to metro areas.
How does population density vary in relation to the rural-urban continuum?
Sparser in rural areas than in urban areas
Population structure and density are influenced by placement in the continuum.
What factors influence population settlements in relation to the rural-urban divide?
Accessibility, physical factors, historical development, and planning
These factors determine the differences in population distribution.
What are the effects of high fertility and mortality rates on population dynamics?
High fertility rates lead to larger family sizes and growing populations; high mortality rates lead to natural decreases and declining populations
Example: Niger vs. Ukraine.
What population characteristic can vary significantly in a country?
Gender and ethnicity
China’s gender imbalance is a result of the One Child Policy.
What contributes to cultural diversity in a region?
Social clustering, accessibility, physical factors, and government planning policies
Migrants often cluster in specific areas, fostering cultural richness.
Fill in the blank: Migrants tend to cluster in one area, creating a culturally rich place such as _______.
Southall in London
Southall is often referred to as ‘Little India.’
What shapes the characteristics of places at regional and national levels?
Regional and national influences
These influences can be analyzed visually through images or statistically using graphs.
How can changes to an area affect people’s lives?
They can shape their identity
This can be analyzed through questionnaires and interviews.
What is the main enquiry question regarding different people’s views on living spaces?
How do different people view diverse living spaces?
What was the perception of urban places during industrialization?
Dangerous and threatening
Victorian London was seen as hotspots of crime, prostitution, and corruption.
How are urban areas in the UK perceived today compared to the past?
More attractive due to retail, tourism, and activities
They attract young people and migrants.
What are some reasons why urban areas like Newham are still seen as undesirable?
High crime rates, low environmental quality, high deprivation rates
This perception is gathered through quantitative data and media representation.
How do suburban and inner city areas differ in terms of population?
Suburban areas are family-based, inner city areas are for commuters and workers.
What factors influence the desirability of urban regions?
Demographic groups by age, ethnicity, and life-cycle stage.
Why might an inner city area be desirable for a migrant?
Proximity to the city and a large cultural base.
Why might an inner city area not be perceived well by elderly residents?
Busy nature and potential lack of care opportunities.
How are rural places perceived differently by various groups?
Based on lived experience and perception.
What positive attributes are rural places often associated with?
Tranquility, natural landscape, historical/cultural associations.
What are some reasons people view rural regions unfavorably?
Remoteness, limited social opportunities, high transport costs
For example, in Taunton, Somerset, the nearest hospital is 50 to 70 minutes away.
How do some people view rural areas in terms of lifestyle?
As retirement villages and holiday landscapes.
What methods can be used to explore attitudes towards rural areas?
Questionnaires or interviews.
What statistical evidence can be collected to evaluate living spaces?
Opinions, lived experience, and attachment of individuals
This can include data on age group, ethnicity, gender, and length of residence.
How does the amount of statistical evidence affect conclusions about living spaces?
More evidence leads to more reliable and valid conclusions.
What role does media play in evaluating living spaces?
Media provides contrasting evidence and highlights characteristics of the area.
What is a significant factor influencing perceptions of cultural and demographic issues?
Different representations of the area.
What has caused uneven demographic and cultural patterns in the UK?
Significant internal movement of people.
Which cultures are notably present in London?
British, Indian, African, Chinese, and Caribbean cultures.
What impact did international migration flows have on UK culture and society?
Changed due to migrants from former colonies filling industrial jobs.
What was a major migration wave to the UK in the 2000s?
Migrants from the EU due to the free movement of people agreement.
What role does the government play in migration?
Controls and allows migration flows.
How can governments encourage the acceptance of migrants?
By investing in integration programmes and providing cultural facilities.
What was David Cameron’s approach to fostering community acceptance?
Visited places of worship to create a sense of unity.
Why might some international migrants choose to live in rural areas?
Background or employment opportunities in the agricultural sector.
How does ethnic segregation relate to economic indicators?
Closely related to income and employment.
What social characteristics can reflect ethnicity and culture in urban areas?
Distinctive retail outlets, places of worship, and leisure activities.
What can a walk down Kingstreet in Southall reveal?
A myriad of cultures, places of worship, and cuisines.
What can sudden arrival of migrants lead to?
Conflicts and riots.
What is a potential outcome of land use changes by community groups?
Tension with locals who may disapprove.
What measures can assess the success of economic management?
Income and employment.
How can social progress be measured?
Reductions in inequalities between and within areas.
What factors can measure the assimilation of different cultures?
Political engagement, number of cultural features, and reductions in hate crime.
What is Aik Saath focused on?
Integrating people from all communities to encourage conflict resolution.
What types of data can be used to judge changes in the local area?
Economic, social, demographic, and environmental variables.
Who are some stakeholders in urban living spaces?
Local/national governments, local businesses, and residents.
What is the aim of the Lake District Rural Revival Partnerships?
Develop land management and social awareness.
Fill in the blank: Segregation levels reflect _______.
cultural, economic, and social variation.
