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NEET Biology > Human Health and disease > Flashcards

Human Health and disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Define health.

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It is stated by WHO in 1948.

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2
Q

Name the type of immunity given by antibody producing B- lymphocytes.

A

Humoral immunity.

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3
Q

What are pathogens?

A

The group of organisms belonging to bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoans, helminths etc causing disease are called pathogens.

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4
Q

Why secondary response of the immune system to a pathogen is highly intensified and fast?

A

Due to the fact that our body appears to have memory of first encounter by the same pathogen.

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5
Q

What are infectious diseases?

A

Diseases caused by pathogens are easily transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person are called infectious disease

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6
Q

What do you mean by anamnestic response of the immune system?

A

Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen initiates a highly intensified immunity response due to the presence of memory cells is called secondary response or anamnestic response.

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7
Q

Mention an example for infectious disease.

A

Acquired Immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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8
Q

What is secondary immune response?

A

Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen initiates a highly intensified immunity response due to the presence of memory cells is called secondary response or anamnestic response.

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9
Q

What is primary immune response?

A

When our body encounters a pathogen for the first time it produces a lower intensity immunity response is called primary response

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10
Q

What are non-infectious diseases?

A

Diseases which cannot be transmitted from an infected person to an healthy person is called non-infectious disease

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11
Q

What are interferons?

A

The protein secreted by virus infected cells which prevent further multiplication of viruses is called interferons

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12
Q

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes typhoid/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes sustained high fever, stomach pain, constipation, loss of appetite.

A

Salmonella typhi.

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13
Q

. How do interferons provide immunity to the body?

A

Prevent further multiplication of viruses.

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14
Q

Mention one cytokine barrier that provides immunity to our body/ Name the protein produced by the virus-infected human cells which prevent further multiplication of viruses

A

Interferons.

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15
Q

Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like sustained high fever, stomach pain, constipation, loss of appetite/ Name the disease diagnosed by Widal test.

A

Typhoid.

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16
Q

How do natural killer cells and macrophages provide immunity to the body?

A

They phagocytose and destroy microbes.

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17
Q

Mention the mode of transmission of Salmonella typhi.

A

Contaminated food and water.

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18
Q

Mention one cellular barrier that provides immunity to our body.

A

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes, monocytes, natural killers and macrophages.

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19
Q

Name the test which confirms typhoid/ Name the test which confirms infection by Salmonella typhi

A

Widal test.

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20
Q

How do physiological barriers provide immunity to the body?

A

They prevent microbial growth in our body

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21
Q

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes malaria.

A

Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malaria, Plasmodium falciparum.

22
Q

Mention one physiological barrier that provides immunity to our body

A

Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth and tears

23
Q

Name the disease caused by Plasmodium vivax in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like chill and high fever recurring every three to four days

A

Malaria.

24
Q

How does mucus membrane provide immunity to the body?

A

Help in trapping microbes entering our body

25
Q

Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes chill and high fever recurring every three to four days.

A

Plasmodium vivax.

26
Q

. How does skin provide immunity to the body?

A

Skin prevents the entry of microorganisms

27
Q

Mention one physical barrier that provides immunity to our body.

A

. Skin in our body and mucus coating of epithelium

28
Q

. Name the infectious forms of Plasmodium which enter human body through mosquito bite.

A

Sporozoites.

29
Q

Define innate immunity.

A

Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence that is present at the time of birth

30
Q

Name the sexual stages of Plasmodium that are developed in human RBCs.

A

Male and female gametocytes.

31
Q

Define immunity.

A

The overall ability of the host to fight the disease-causing organisms conferred by the immune system is called immunity.

32
Q

. Name the disease caused by Epidermophyton in man. /Name the disease caused by Microsporum in man/Name the disease caused by Trichophyton in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body accompanied by itching.

A

Ringworm

33
Q

Name the toxin released by the ruptured RBCs which causes chill and high fever recurring every three to four days in malaria.

A

Haemozoin.

34
Q

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes ringworm disease/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body accompanied by itching.

A

Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton

35
Q

Name the disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti/ Name the disease caused by Wuchereria malayi/ Name the disease you have studied with symptoms like inflammation of the lower limbs and deformities in the genital organs

A

Filariasis

36
Q

In which cells of human body, Plasmodium reproduces only by asexual method?

A

RBC’s

37
Q

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes filariasis/. Mention the pathogen which causes inflammation of the lower limbs and deformities in the genital organs.

A

Wuchereria bancrofti, Wuchereria malayi.

38
Q

In which cells of human body, Plasmodium reproduces both by asexual and sexual methods?

A

RBC’s.

39
Q

Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like blockage of intestine, internal hemorrhage and anemia

A

Ascariasis

40
Q

Name the fish which is used to control the population of mosquito larvae.

A

Gambusia.

41
Q

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes ascariasis/ Write the scientific name of the intestinal parasite which causes blockage of intestine, internal haemorrhage and anaemia.

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

42
Q

Name the disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like stools with excess mucous and blood clots, abdominal pain and cramps and constipation

A

Amoebiasis.

43
Q

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes amoebiasis/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes abdominal pain and cramps, stools with excess mucous and blood clots and constipation.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

44
Q

Mention the scientific name of the vector which transmits malaria.

A

Anopheles mosquito.

45
Q

Name the disease caused by rhinoviruses in man/ Name the disease you have studied with symptoms like nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough and headache

A

Common cold.

46
Q

Mention any one vector-borne disease in man.

A

Malaria, Amoebiasis, filariasis, dengue, chikungunya.

47
Q

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes common cold/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough and headache.

A

. Rhino virus.

48
Q

. Write the scientific name of the vector which transmits chikungunya/ Write the scientific name of the vector which transmits dengue.

A

Aedes mosquito.

49
Q

Name the disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like fever, chill, headache, cough and bluish colour of fingernails and lips.

A

Pneumonia.

50
Q

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes pneumonia/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes fever, chill, headache, cough and bluish colour of fingernails and lips.

A

Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae.

NEET Biology (4 decks)

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