Human Health and disease Flashcards
Define health.
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It is stated by WHO in 1948.
Name the type of immunity given by antibody producing B- lymphocytes.
Humoral immunity.
What are pathogens?
The group of organisms belonging to bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoans, helminths etc causing disease are called pathogens.
Why secondary response of the immune system to a pathogen is highly intensified and fast?
Due to the fact that our body appears to have memory of first encounter by the same pathogen.
What are infectious diseases?
Diseases caused by pathogens are easily transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person are called infectious disease
What do you mean by anamnestic response of the immune system?
Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen initiates a highly intensified immunity response due to the presence of memory cells is called secondary response or anamnestic response.
Mention an example for infectious disease.
Acquired Immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
What is secondary immune response?
Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen initiates a highly intensified immunity response due to the presence of memory cells is called secondary response or anamnestic response.
What is primary immune response?
When our body encounters a pathogen for the first time it produces a lower intensity immunity response is called primary response
What are non-infectious diseases?
Diseases which cannot be transmitted from an infected person to an healthy person is called non-infectious disease
What are interferons?
The protein secreted by virus infected cells which prevent further multiplication of viruses is called interferons
Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes typhoid/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes sustained high fever, stomach pain, constipation, loss of appetite.
Salmonella typhi.
. How do interferons provide immunity to the body?
Prevent further multiplication of viruses.
Mention one cytokine barrier that provides immunity to our body/ Name the protein produced by the virus-infected human cells which prevent further multiplication of viruses
Interferons.
Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like sustained high fever, stomach pain, constipation, loss of appetite/ Name the disease diagnosed by Widal test.
Typhoid.
How do natural killer cells and macrophages provide immunity to the body?
They phagocytose and destroy microbes.
Mention the mode of transmission of Salmonella typhi.
Contaminated food and water.
Mention one cellular barrier that provides immunity to our body.
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes, monocytes, natural killers and macrophages.
Name the test which confirms typhoid/ Name the test which confirms infection by Salmonella typhi
Widal test.
How do physiological barriers provide immunity to the body?
They prevent microbial growth in our body
Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes malaria.
Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malaria, Plasmodium falciparum.
Mention one physiological barrier that provides immunity to our body
Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth and tears
Name the disease caused by Plasmodium vivax in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like chill and high fever recurring every three to four days
Malaria.
How does mucus membrane provide immunity to the body?
Help in trapping microbes entering our body
Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes chill and high fever recurring every three to four days.
Plasmodium vivax.
. How does skin provide immunity to the body?
Skin prevents the entry of microorganisms
Mention one physical barrier that provides immunity to our body.
. Skin in our body and mucus coating of epithelium
. Name the infectious forms of Plasmodium which enter human body through mosquito bite.
Sporozoites.
Define innate immunity.
Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence that is present at the time of birth
Name the sexual stages of Plasmodium that are developed in human RBCs.
Male and female gametocytes.
Define immunity.
The overall ability of the host to fight the disease-causing organisms conferred by the immune system is called immunity.
. Name the disease caused by Epidermophyton in man. /Name the disease caused by Microsporum in man/Name the disease caused by Trichophyton in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body accompanied by itching.
Ringworm
Name the toxin released by the ruptured RBCs which causes chill and high fever recurring every three to four days in malaria.
Haemozoin.
Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes ringworm disease/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body accompanied by itching.
Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton
Name the disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti/ Name the disease caused by Wuchereria malayi/ Name the disease you have studied with symptoms like inflammation of the lower limbs and deformities in the genital organs
Filariasis
In which cells of human body, Plasmodium reproduces only by asexual method?
RBC’s
Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes filariasis/. Mention the pathogen which causes inflammation of the lower limbs and deformities in the genital organs.
Wuchereria bancrofti, Wuchereria malayi.
In which cells of human body, Plasmodium reproduces both by asexual and sexual methods?
RBC’s.
Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like blockage of intestine, internal hemorrhage and anemia
Ascariasis
Name the fish which is used to control the population of mosquito larvae.
Gambusia.
Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes ascariasis/ Write the scientific name of the intestinal parasite which causes blockage of intestine, internal haemorrhage and anaemia.
Ascaris lumbricoides
Name the disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like stools with excess mucous and blood clots, abdominal pain and cramps and constipation
Amoebiasis.
Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes amoebiasis/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes abdominal pain and cramps, stools with excess mucous and blood clots and constipation.
Entamoeba histolytica
Mention the scientific name of the vector which transmits malaria.
Anopheles mosquito.
Name the disease caused by rhinoviruses in man/ Name the disease you have studied with symptoms like nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough and headache
Common cold.
Mention any one vector-borne disease in man.
Malaria, Amoebiasis, filariasis, dengue, chikungunya.
Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes common cold/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough and headache.
. Rhino virus.
. Write the scientific name of the vector which transmits chikungunya/ Write the scientific name of the vector which transmits dengue.
Aedes mosquito.
Name the disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like fever, chill, headache, cough and bluish colour of fingernails and lips.
Pneumonia.
Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes pneumonia/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes fever, chill, headache, cough and bluish colour of fingernails and lips.
Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae.
