Human Health and disease

Question 1

Define health.

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It is stated by WHO in 1948.

Question 2

Name the type of immunity given by antibody producing B- lymphocytes.

Answer 2

Humoral immunity.

Question 3

What are pathogens?

Answer 3

The group of organisms belonging to bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoans, helminths etc causing disease are called pathogens.

Question 4

Why secondary response of the immune system to a pathogen is highly intensified and fast?

Answer 4

Due to the fact that our body appears to have memory of first encounter by the same pathogen.

Question 5

What are infectious diseases?

Answer 5

Diseases caused by pathogens are easily transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person are called infectious disease

Question 6

What do you mean by anamnestic response of the immune system?

Answer 6

Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen initiates a highly intensified immunity response due to the presence of memory cells is called secondary response or anamnestic response.

Question 7

Mention an example for infectious disease.

Answer 7

Acquired Immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Question 8

What is secondary immune response?

Answer 8

Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen initiates a highly intensified immunity response due to the presence of memory cells is called secondary response or anamnestic response.

Question 9

What is primary immune response?

Answer 9

When our body encounters a pathogen for the first time it produces a lower intensity immunity response is called primary response

Question 10

What are non-infectious diseases?

Answer 10

Diseases which cannot be transmitted from an infected person to an healthy person is called non-infectious disease

Question 11

What are interferons?

Answer 11

The protein secreted by virus infected cells which prevent further multiplication of viruses is called interferons

Question 12

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes typhoid/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes sustained high fever, stomach pain, constipation, loss of appetite.

Answer 12

Salmonella typhi.

Question 13

. How do interferons provide immunity to the body?

Answer 13

Prevent further multiplication of viruses.

Question 14

Mention one cytokine barrier that provides immunity to our body/ Name the protein produced by the virus-infected human cells which prevent further multiplication of viruses

Answer 14

Interferons.

Question 15

Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like sustained high fever, stomach pain, constipation, loss of appetite/ Name the disease diagnosed by Widal test.

Answer 15

Typhoid.

Question 16

How do natural killer cells and macrophages provide immunity to the body?

Answer 16

They phagocytose and destroy microbes.

Question 17

Mention the mode of transmission of Salmonella typhi.

Answer 17

Contaminated food and water.

Question 18

Mention one cellular barrier that provides immunity to our body.

Answer 18

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes, monocytes, natural killers and macrophages.

Question 19

Name the test which confirms typhoid/ Name the test which confirms infection by Salmonella typhi

Answer 19

Widal test.

Question 20

How do physiological barriers provide immunity to the body?

Answer 20

They prevent microbial growth in our body

Question 21

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes malaria.

Answer 21

Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malaria, Plasmodium falciparum.

Question 22

Mention one physiological barrier that provides immunity to our body

Answer 22

Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth and tears

Question 23

Name the disease caused by Plasmodium vivax in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like chill and high fever recurring every three to four days

Answer 23

Malaria.

Question 24

How does mucus membrane provide immunity to the body?

Answer 24

Help in trapping microbes entering our body

Question 25

Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes chill and high fever recurring every three to four days.

Answer 25

Plasmodium vivax.

Question 26

. How does skin provide immunity to the body?

Answer 26

Skin prevents the entry of microorganisms

Question 27

Mention one physical barrier that provides immunity to our body.

Answer 27

. Skin in our body and mucus coating of epithelium

Question 28

. Name the infectious forms of Plasmodium which enter human body through mosquito bite.

Answer 28

Sporozoites.

Question 29

Define innate immunity.

Answer 29

Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence that is present at the time of birth

Question 30

Name the sexual stages of Plasmodium that are developed in human RBCs.

Answer 30

Male and female gametocytes.

Question 31

Define immunity.

Answer 31

The overall ability of the host to fight the disease-causing organisms conferred by the immune system is called immunity.

Question 32

. Name the disease caused by Epidermophyton in man. /Name the disease caused by Microsporum in man/Name the disease caused by Trichophyton in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body accompanied by itching.

Answer 32

Ringworm

Question 33

Name the toxin released by the ruptured RBCs which causes chill and high fever recurring every three to four days in malaria.

Answer 33

Haemozoin.

Question 34

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes ringworm disease/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body accompanied by itching.

Answer 34

Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton

Question 35

Name the disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti/ Name the disease caused by Wuchereria malayi/ Name the disease you have studied with symptoms like inflammation of the lower limbs and deformities in the genital organs

Answer 35

Filariasis

Question 36

In which cells of human body, Plasmodium reproduces only by asexual method?

Answer 36

RBC’s

Question 37

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes filariasis/. Mention the pathogen which causes inflammation of the lower limbs and deformities in the genital organs.

Answer 37

Wuchereria bancrofti, Wuchereria malayi.

Question 38

In which cells of human body, Plasmodium reproduces both by asexual and sexual methods?

Answer 38

RBC’s.

Question 39

Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like blockage of intestine, internal hemorrhage and anemia

Answer 39

Ascariasis

Question 40

Name the fish which is used to control the population of mosquito larvae.

Answer 40

Gambusia.

Question 41

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes ascariasis/ Write the scientific name of the intestinal parasite which causes blockage of intestine, internal haemorrhage and anaemia.

Answer 41

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 42

Name the disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like stools with excess mucous and blood clots, abdominal pain and cramps and constipation

Answer 42

Amoebiasis.

Question 43

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes amoebiasis/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes abdominal pain and cramps, stools with excess mucous and blood clots and constipation.

Answer 43

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 44

Mention the scientific name of the vector which transmits malaria.

Answer 44

Anopheles mosquito.

Question 45

Name the disease caused by rhinoviruses in man/ Name the disease you have studied with symptoms like nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough and headache

Answer 45

Common cold.

Question 46

Mention any one vector-borne disease in man.

Answer 46

Malaria, Amoebiasis, filariasis, dengue, chikungunya.

Question 47

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes common cold/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough and headache.

Answer 47

. Rhino virus.

Question 48

. Write the scientific name of the vector which transmits chikungunya/ Write the scientific name of the vector which transmits dengue.

Answer 48

Aedes mosquito.

Question 49

Name the disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae in man/ Name a disease you have studied with symptoms like fever, chill, headache, cough and bluish colour of fingernails and lips.

Answer 49

Pneumonia.

Question 50

Write the scientific name of the pathogen that causes pneumonia/ Write the scientific name of the pathogen which causes fever, chill, headache, cough and bluish colour of fingernails and lips.

Answer 50

Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae.