Cell cycle and cell division. Flashcards
Define the term cell cycle?
“The sequence of coordinated, genetically controlled events by which cell duplicates its genome synthesize other constitute of the cells and eventually divides into two daughter cells.”
Define the term cell division?
“Cell division is a process by which a mature cell divides and forms two daughter cells similar to its own kind.”
The term cell cycle was introduced by_______?
Howard and Pele.
The humans cell cycle duration is________?
24 hours.
What are the phases of cell cycle?
Interphase
Mitotic phase
Interphase is also known as ________ and _______.
preparation phase or resting phase.
Mention the phase of interphase.
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
Which phase is the longest in the cell cycle?
Interphase.It is thelongest phase of the cell cycle and is considered the growth phase of the cell cycle in preparation for cell division
Mention two major type of cell division?
Mitosis
Meiosis
Which stain is used to color chromosomes?
Acetocarmine and Giemsa
Division of nucleus is called as_______?
Karyokinesis.
Division of cytoplasm is called as_________?
cytokinesis.
Is Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis dependent on each other?
Karyokinesis is independent of cytokinesis, but cytokinesis is dependent on karyokinesis. (i.e., Karyokinesis can occur without cytokinesis, but the reverse is not possible.
What happens during karyokinesis?
During karyokinesis, the nucleus divides into two daughter nuclei. This process
occurs in four steps: -
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase and
Telophase
Describe the events of G1 phase taking place during interphase.
G1 phase (Gap phase 1); during this phase the cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA.
Describe the events of S phase taking place during interphase
S or synthesis phase marks the period during which DNA synthesis or replication takes place.
During this time the amount of DNA per cell doubles but the chromosome number remain same.
If initial amount of DNA is 2C then it becomes 4C.
The chromosome number after S phase remain same.
Describe the events of G2 phase taking place during interphase.
During G2 phase proteins are synthesized in preparation for mitosis while cell growth.
Among karyokinesis and cytokinesis, which process occurs first?
Karyokinesis occurs before cytokinesis. The nucleus divides before the cytoplasm.