Human Growth & Development Flashcards
What are the 4 categories of human growth and development theories?
- Learning (behavioral)
- Cognitive
- Psychoanalytic
- Humanistic
At what age do most children show signs of self-recognition?
By 24 months (2 years) of age
At what age do children have the ability to describe inner qualities?
By around 8 years old
Who is responsible for the theory of “blank slate” or “tabula rasa”?
John Locke
What are the 4 principal neurotransmitters in the brain?
- Acetylcholine
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
- GABA (gamma amino butyric acid)
Acetylcholine is important for
- Memory
- Optimal cognitive functioning
- Emotional balance and control
Serotonin:
- Affects feelings, behaving, and thinking
- Critical for emotional and cognitive processes
- Vital to sleep and anxiety control
Dopamine:
- Emotional wellness
- Motivation
- Pleasurable things
GABA:
- Helps reduce anxiety
- Promotes relaxation and sleep
Who developed the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow (humanistic psychologist)
What are the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
- Food/water to
- Security/safety to
- Belonging/love to
- Self esteem/prestige/status to
- Self-actualization
From physiological needs to social needs to cognitive needs
Behaviorism (John Watson & B.F. Skinner):
Learning and behavior changes are the result of rewards and punishments.
Classic Conditioning (pavlov)
Food - salivation, bell - salivation
Types of Operant conditioning
- Positive/negative reinforcement
- Positive/negative punishment
Reinforcement vs Punishment
Refer to chart