Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPCE > Human Growth & Development > Flashcards

Human Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 categories of human growth and development theories?

A
  1. Learning (behavioral)
  2. Cognitive
  3. Psychoanalytic
  4. Humanistic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At what age do most children show signs of self-recognition?

A

By 24 months (2 years) of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At what age do children have the ability to describe inner qualities?

A

By around 8 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who is responsible for the theory of “blank slate” or “tabula rasa”?

A

John Locke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 principal neurotransmitters in the brain?

A
  1. Acetylcholine
  2. Serotonin
  3. Dopamine
  4. GABA (gamma amino butyric acid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acetylcholine is important for

A
  1. Memory
  2. Optimal cognitive functioning
  3. Emotional balance and control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Serotonin:

A
  1. Affects feelings, behaving, and thinking
  2. Critical for emotional and cognitive processes
  3. Vital to sleep and anxiety control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dopamine:

A
  1. Emotional wellness
  2. Motivation
  3. Pleasurable things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GABA:

A
  1. Helps reduce anxiety
  2. Promotes relaxation and sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who developed the hierarchy of needs?

A

Abraham Maslow (humanistic psychologist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A
  1. Food/water to
  2. Security/safety to
  3. Belonging/love to
  4. Self esteem/prestige/status to
  5. Self-actualization
    From physiological needs to social needs to cognitive needs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Behaviorism (John Watson & B.F. Skinner):

A

Learning and behavior changes are the result of rewards and punishments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classic Conditioning (pavlov)

A

Food - salivation, bell - salivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of Operant conditioning

A
  1. Positive/negative reinforcement
  2. Positive/negative punishment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reinforcement vs Punishment

A

Refer to chart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5 stages of Psychosexual Development (Freud)

A
  1. Oral (0-1)
  2. Anal (2 to 3 years)
  3. Phallic (3 to 5 years)
  4. Latency (6 to 12 years)
  5. Genital (12-19 years some say never ends)
17
Q

Reaction formation (over compensating) Anna Freud

A

expressing a motive or impulse in a way that is
directly opposite what was originally intended.

18
Q

Regression:

A

retreating to earlier or more primitive (childlike) forms of behavior.

19
Q

Introjection:

A

the unconscious adoption of the ideas or attitudes of others.

20
Q

Sublimation:

A

Channeling of unacceptable impulses, thoughts, or emotions into more socially acceptable behaviors.

21
Q

Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development

A

Psychoanalytic theory but psychosocial rather than psychosexual

Reference chart

22
Q

Jean Piaget (cognitive) argued we inherit two tendencies, what are they?

A

Organization: how we systematize and organize mental processes and knowledge.
Adaptation: the adjustment to the environment

23
Q

What are the two processes within piaget’s concept of adaptation?

A

Assimilation: seeks to relate new information into old schemas

Accommodation: creating new schemes to accommodate new information that may not fit into existing schemas

24
Q

What are Jean Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development?

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Preoperational
  3. Concrete operational
  4. Formal operational

Refer to chart

25
Q

Who came up with the theory of moral development?

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

26
Q

What are Kohlbergs three levels between self and society?

A
  1. Preconventional
  2. Conventional
  3. Postconventional

Reference chart

27
Q

Levinson’s three major transitions/times are

A
  1. Early adult transition (17 to 22)
  2. Mid-life transition (40 to 45) midlife crisis happens in this stage
  3. Late adult transition (60 to 65)
28
Q

Levinson’s 3 sets of developmental tasks in adulthood:

A
  1. Build, Modify, Enhance life structure
  2. Form and modify single components of life structure: occupation, love/marriage, relationships
  3. Tasks to become more individuated
29
Q

Development occurs in three broad areas. What are they?

A
  1. Physical development
  2. Cognitive development
  3. Psychosocial development
30
Q

Qualitative vs quantitative development

A

Qualitative: change in structure or organization (sexual development

Quantitative: change in number, degree, or frequency (intellectual development)

31
Q

Continuous vs discontinuous change

A

Continuous: changes are sequential and cannot be separated easily ( personality development)

Discontinuous: changes can be separated which argues for stages (language development)

32
Q

Mechanistic vs organismic

A

Mechanistic: this is the reduction of all behavior to common elements. (Instinctual or reflexive behavior)

Organismic: humanistic approach more than stimulus response. Invoked in use of cognition. Moral or ethical development.

33
Q

Who coined the term emotional intelligence?

A

Daniel Goldman

34
Q

Propinquity

A

Nearness or proximity. Example: people are most likely to date someone within close proximity to them.

CPCE (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions