Human Geography - urbanisation

Question 1

What is urbanisation?

Answer 1

The proportion of living in towns and cities - curently 70% is MEDC’s

Question 2

What are megacities?

Answer 2

Cities with a population of greater then 10 million

Question 3

What are some push factors for rural to urban migration?

Answer 3

Unemployment / no jobs
Poor land management
Farming is hard work
Many families don't own their own land 
Crops for export not local use

Question 4

What are some pull factors for rural to urban migration?

Answer 4

Health services
Education opportunities
Better paid jobs 
Better housing
Shops and entertainment (bright lights)

Question 5

What are some effects of migrations on the countryside?

Answer 5

Food production falls
Less crowding
Expertise (young adult males leave)
Increased work to compensate for loss - those lfet behind have to work harder

Question 6

What are some effects of migration on urban areas?

Answer 6

Overcrowding
Lack of jobs
Spread of disease
Congestion
Increased pollution
Pressure on services
Increased homelessness
Crime rate goes up
Gap between rich and poor increase

Question 7

What are some main problems of cities in LEDC’S?

Answer 7

Traffic
Crime
Pollution
Housing

Question 8

What are some methods to help improve shanty towns?

Answer 8

Bulldoze
Site and service schemes
Self-help schemes
Police Pacification Units (PPU)
The growth acceleration scheme
The cable ca system at Complexo de Alemeo

Question 9

What have site and service schemes done to improve favelas?

Answer 9

Creches, medical centre’s, schools, new roads (improving infrastructure), Improving facilities and infrastructire of rural areas, Residents associations, improving police / community relations

Question 10

Describe self-help schemes?

Answer 10

These give people the tools and training to improve their homes. Low-interest loans may be used to help people fund these changes. People may be given legal ownership of the land

Question 11

Describe Police Pacification Unit’s?

Answer 11

These are law enforcement and social services program in Rio. It aims to reclaim favellas controlled by gang of drug dealers

Question 12

Describes the growth acceleration unit?

Answer 12

$13.5bn investment in improving he infrastructure of favellas, sewage, paving, roads, improving housing, education and health care provision, leisure opportunites and gang / drug prevention schemes

Question 13

Describe the cable car system?

Answer 13

They link 6 hilltops over a 3.5km route and there are 152 gondolas. On average 12000 use it everyday. They tested them for 7 months and residents get 2 free rides everyday