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Human Geography Flashcards

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0
Q

in 2005 average hospital stay for over 75s was how many nights?
and how did that differ the whole of the U.K.’s average stay?

A

Over 75s- 13 nights

Whole of UK - 7 nights

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1
Q

Who owns the Tataquara Lodge and what activities does it offer?

A

It is owned by a cooperative of six local tribes

Fishing, canoeing, wildlife viewing and forest walks

Wildlife includes endangered species such as the harpy eagle and the giant River otter.

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2
Q

What limits to the 1961 Antarctic treaty give to tourism?

A

Only ships with fewer than 500 passengers are allowed to land.

Maximum of 100 passengers allowed on shore at a time.

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3
Q

How does their UK encourage women do you have children to cope with ageing population?

A

Working family tax credit support women and men who go back to work after their children are born.
This makes it more affordable for couples to have children

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4
Q

What are 4 environmental factors made better in the Favela-Bairro project?

A

Replace wooden buildings with brick

Remove dangerous homes on steep slopes

Provision of basic services: water, electricity, sewage and waste removal

Widened streets: better access for emergency services

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5
Q

Name a measure in place to protect Antarctica

A

The Antarctic treaty is an international agreement that came into force in 1961 and has now been signed by 47 countries.

It is designed to protect and conserve the area and its plant and animal life.

In 2009 the parties involved agreed to introduce new limits on tourism

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6
Q

What is the population of Curitiba

A

1.8 million

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7
Q

Economic improvements of the Favela-Bairro project (2)

A

Residents can apply to own properties

People taught skills which lets them earn more money

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8
Q

Name the environmental negative and positive impact of mass tourism in Kenya (1+, 3-)

A

(+) There are 23 National Parks in Kenya, e.g. Nairobi. Tourists pay entry fees, which are used to maintain the national parks, which helps protect the environment and wildlife.

(-) Safari vehicles cause soil erosion and damage vegetation.

(-) wild animals have been affected, for example cheaters in heavily visited areas have changed their hunting behaviour to avoid crowds.

(-) coral reefs in the Malindi Marine National Park have been damaged by tourist boats anchoring.

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9
Q

Social improvements of the Favela-Bairro project (2)

A

Daycare centres- care for kids while parents are at work

Adult Education- improve language and skills

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11
Q

In Curitiba what incentives are residents given to deliver their rubbish?

A

Bus and Food tickets

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12
Q

In 2005 the U.K.’s population was what percentage of 65 years and older?

And what percentage could this be by 2041?

A

16%

25%

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13
Q

How many people live in the 73 favelas in the Favela-Bairro Project?

A

253,000

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14
Q

What were the push factors from Poland in 2004? (3)

A

High unemployment around 19%

Low average wages about one third of the average EU wage

Housing shortages just over 300 dwellings for every 1000 people

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15
Q

In 1978 there was 0.5 m² per person of open space and conserved natural environment.

How much was there in 1990?

A

52 m²

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16
Q

How did the government of Curitiba encourage builders to build things with open green parks or spaces?

A

By giving them tax breaks

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17
Q

What percentage of rubbish is recycled in Curitiba?

How many trees does this save a day?

A

70%

1200 trees/day

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18
Q

What fraction of the population of Rio De Janeiro live in favelas?

A

1/5

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19
Q

What changes have been made to the one child policy over the years?

Why?

A

In some Rural areas couples are allowed to have a second child if the first is a girl has a physical disability this is because my children are still needed to work on farms in rural areas.

If one of the parents has a disability or if both parents are only Children then the couples are allowed to have a second child, this is so that there are enough people to look after the parents.

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20
Q

Name three ways the Lake District is planning to make sure it keeps attracting tourists

A

Improvements to public transport to make lakes even more accessible.

Widespread advertising and marketing

Farms in courage to provide services that quad biking, Clay pigeon shooting and archery

Timeshare developments- to help bring people into the area all year round.

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21
Q

How many squatter settlements are there in Rio De Janeiro, and how many of them are involved in the Favela-Bairro project of the year…?

A

600

73

1995

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22
Q

Has the Favela-Bairro project been a success, why?

A

Yes:
Property values up 80-120%

Number of local businesses doubled

Standard of living and health increased

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23
Q

Give an example of a spillage of fuel from a ship, this causes fears for tourism in Antarctica

Why is this bad?

A

The MS Explorer in 2007.

Fuel spells kill molluscs and fish, as well as birds

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24
Q

List the 4 government strategies to deal with the ageing population in the UK

A

Raise retirement age

Encourage immigration of young people to the UK

Encourage women to have children

Encourage private pensions so less people are dependent on government pensions

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25
Q

List 3 problems caused by the ageing population in the UK

A

Less young people to pay taxes for pensions

Elderly people in poverty

Health services are under pressure

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26
Q

What does the Lake District do to cope with footpath erosion?

A

Encourage visitors to use less vulnerable areas instead, resting popular routes by changing the line of paths

Using hard wearing materials for paths

E.g. at Tarn Hows severely eroded parts has been covered with soil and re-seeded and the main route has been gravelled to protect it

27
Q

How is Kenya trying to maintain tourism? (3)

A

An advertising campaign launch in Russia called magical Kenya

Can you wildlife service is planning to build Air strips in Ruma and Mount Elgon national parks to make them more accessible. It also plans to spend £8 million improving roads, bridges and air strips

Visa fees for adults were cut by 50% in 2009 to make it cheaper to visit the country. They were also scrapped for children under 16 to encourage more families.

28
Q

What percentage of Kenya’s GNP is contributed to by tourism?

A

15%

29
Q

Using figures, how effective as the one child policy been?

A

The policy has prevented up to 400million births. The fertility rate has dropped from 5.7 in 1972 around 1.8 today.

Some people think that I wasn’t just the one child policy that slowed Population growth. They say older policies about leaving longer gaps between children were more effective and that Chinese people want fewer children anyway is this become more wealthy.

31
Q

How many overseas visitors whether to Britain in 2008?

A

32million

32
Q

Name the Paul factors to the UK for people from Poland (3)

A

Easy migration- the UK allowed unlimited migration in 2004. It was restricted in some other EU countries

More work and higher wages- wages in the UK will hire and there was a big demand for tradesmen e.g. plumbers.

Good exchange rates-the pound was worth a lot of Polish currency so sending a few pounds back to Poland made a big difference to family at home.

33
Q

Does the one child policy help towards sustainable development?

A

Yes, the population hasn’t grown as fast as it would’ve done without the policy so few resources have been used.

34
Q

Where is the Tataquara Lodge?

A

On an island in the Xingu River

In the Brazilian state of Para

35
Q

Describe 3 ways the Tataquara Lodge helps sustainable development of the area

A

Profits used to improve health care and education. This increases quality-of-life

Money is generated without damaging the environment so it is sustainable.

Local people don’t have to find other employment that could damage the environment, for example logging or farming.

Resources are not used up e.g. solar power instead of fossil fuels.

36
Q

What are two social negative impacts of mass tourism in Kenya

A

Some Maasai tribespeople are forced off their land to build national parks

Some Muslim people in Kenya are offended by the way female tourist dress

37
Q

How is the UK going cope with the ageing population by raising the retirement age?
How does it help?

A

The retirement age in the UK is currently 65 for men and 60 for women. This is going to change in stages so that by 2046 it will be 68 for everyone.
people have to work for longer so there will be more people paying tax and fewer claiming pension.

38
Q

How does encouraging immigration of young people to the UK help cope with the ageing population?
What percentage of UK immigrants in 2004 were 34 or under?

A

Around 80% of immigrants from new EU countries in 2004 with 34 or under.

This increases the number of people paying taxes which helps to pay for the state pension and services.

38
Q

Why is tourism increasing in extreme environments? (4)

A

Improvements in transport

People are keen to see places e.g Antarctica before the ice melts

More disposable income

Advertising and tv programmes

38
Q

How many tourists were there to Antarctica in 2007- 2008

How does this differ to 1996-1997?

A

46,000

To 7,413

39
Q

What is the budget of the Curitiba project per year?

A

£600 million

41
Q

What are three environmental benefits of the Tataquara Lodge?

A

It was built from local materials that didn’t have to be cut down as they were found on the ground. They also blend in with the natural scenery so don’t spoil the area.

Solar power is used to run lights.

Food served in the launch is all locally produced- no fuels used to transport it.

42
Q

What were the impacts in the UK from people from Poland immigrating in? (4)

A

The UK population went up slightly

Immigration boosted the UK economy but a lot of the money and in the UK was sent home

New shop selling Polish products opened to provide for the Polish Community

Many poles are Catholic so attendance at catholic churches went up

42
Q

How is Kenya trying to reduce the negative impacts of tourism? (2)

A

Encouraging walking and horseback tours over vehicle safaris to preserve vegetation.

alternative activities that are less damaging our encourage, for example climbing and white water rafting.

42
Q

Name the four reasons that people might want to go on an extreme environment holiday

A

Ideal settings for adventure holiday activities

Something different and exciting

Element of danger

Wildlife

Scenery

43
Q

In the Chinese one child policy- What benefits are couples that only have one child given?

What if they have a second child?

A

Longer maternity leave better housing and free education for the child.

They don’t get any benefits and also find part of their income.

44
Q

In 2007 tourism contributed how many billion pounds to the economy and employed how many million people?

A

£114 billion

1.4 million people employed

45
Q

How does the Tataquara Lodge benefit local people?

A

Creates jobs

Locals encouraged to go to lodge to sell crafts and perform traditional songs and dances. This brings income and preserve their culture.

Profits earned from the lodge are used to provide decent health care and education for thousands of people from the local tribes.

46
Q

How many parks is there in Curitiba

And how many trees along the city streets

A

1000 parks

1.5 million trees

47
Q

Give an economic negative of tourism in Kenya

A

Only 15% of the money earned through tourism goes to locals. The rest goes to big companies

48
Q

What is the name of the association that has the code of conduct for tourism in Antarctica?

A

International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators

49
Q

Name three reasons why the Lake District in Cumbria is so popular with tourists.
How many visitors does it get a year?

A

Scenery- for example large lakes (e.g. Lake Windermere) and mountains (e.g. Scafell Pike)

There are many activities available-e.g. birdwatching, walking, pony trekking, boat rides, sailing, rock climbing.

There are also cultural attractions e.g. the Beatrix potter and Wordsworth museums

It gets around 15 million visitors a year

50
Q

Why is the UKs population aging? (4)

A

Advances in medicine

Between 1980-2006 life expectancy rose 6.4 years for men, 2.6 years for women

Baby booms in 1940s and 1960s- now pensioner booms

Number of babies born lowered, less young people to look after old

52
Q

How does the Lake District protect wildlife and farmland? (3)

A

There are signs to remind visitors to take the litter home.
Bins are provided at many sites
There have also been campaigns to encourage visitors to enjoy the countryside responsibly e.g. by closing gates and keeping dogs on a lead.

53
Q

What 6 rules do the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators give to tourists?

A

Specially protected areas are off-limits

Wildlife must not be disturbed

No litter

Tourists must stay with their group and have a qualified guide

No walking on fragile plant life

Sewage must be treated biologically, and other waste stored on board the ship.

54
Q

The official tourism strategy for Cumbria is to attract an extra how many visitors by 2018, and increase the amount tourists spend from £1.1billion a year to how many billion a year?

A

An extra 2 million visitors by 2018

Increase the amount of tourists spend to £1.5 billion per year

55
Q

How does the Lake District cope with the extra traffic, what is the campaign called?

A

Public transport in the area is being improved so people can use their cars at home.

‘give the driver a break’ campaign provides leaflets that show the routes available and offers discounts at cafes and lake cruises for people presenting bus or train tickets.

56
Q

What were the impacts for people in Poland of Polish people migrating to the EU (3)

A

Poland population fell by 0.3% between 2000 and 2007, and the birthrate fell as most people you left were young.

There was a shortage of workers in Poland, slowing the growth of the economy.

The Polish economy was boosted by the money sent home from emigrants-space around 3 billion Euros was sent to Poland for my board in 2006.

57
Q

In 2003 how many people worked in Kenya tourist industry?

A

219,000 people

58
Q

Name the six stages of the butler model

A

Exploration

Involvement

Development

Consolidation

Stagnation

Rejuvenation or decline

59
Q

Give a social positive of tourism in Kenya

A

The culture and customs of the Massai tribe are preserved as things like traditional dancing are displayed

60
Q

Give 3 impacts of tourism in Antarctica

A

Tourists can trample plants, disturb wildlife and drop litter

There are fears that tourists could accidentally introduce non-native species or diseases

Spillage of fuels from ships is also worry

61
Q

What has the government of Curitiba done to reduce car use?(2)
How much has this reduced car use by?

A

A large bus system that carries 1.4 million people a day
The buses are prepaid to save boarding time
There is 200 km of cycle path

This has reduced car use by 25%

63
Q

What is the population of China?

What is the program may have put in place to reduce the population growth? When was it introduced?

A

Over 1.3 billion

The China birth control program- One child policy of 1979

64
Q

How does the Tataquara Lodge benefit the economy?

A

It is owned by indigenous tribes rather then a big foreign company so the income it provides go straight to the local economy.

As the Lodge uses locally produced food, more money goes back into the local economy.

Geography (3 decks)

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