Human Geo Vocab Unit III Chapters 2 and 3 Flashcards
demography
The scientific study of population characteristics
agricultural density
the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.
natural increase rate (NIR)
:he percentage by which a population grows in a year. imputed by subtracting CDR from CBR, after converting the two measures from numbers per 1,000 to percentages.
infant mortality rate (IMR)
is the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births.
industrial revolution
conjunction of major improvements in industrial technology (invention of the steam engine, mass production, powered transportation) that transformed the process of manufacturing goods and delivering them to market
dependency ratio
the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years.
counterurbanization
Net migration from urban to rural areas.
emigration
migration from a location
intervening obstacle
an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration.
forced migration
be migrant has been compelled to move by cultural factors.
brain drain
a large-scale emigration by talented people.
arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
crude birth rate (CBR)
the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
crude death rate (CDR)
the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
demographic transition
The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.
medical revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
Thomas Malthus
English Economist that argued that without the practice of “moral restraint” the population tends to increase at a greater rate than its means of subsistence, resulting in the population checks of war, famine, and epidemic.
net migration
The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.
push factor
induces people to move out of their present location
interregional migration
movement from one region of a country to another
voluntary migration
migrant has chosen to move for economic improvement,
zero population growth (ZPG)
The condition where the CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR, and the NIR approaches zero.
physiological density
The number of people per unit of area of arable gland, which is land suitable for agriculture.
total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (roughly ages 15 through 49)
agricultural revolution
the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.
population pyramid
A country’s population displayed by age and gender groups on a bar graph.
pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
immigration
migration to a location.
pull factor
induces people to move into a new location.
intraregional migration
movement within one region.
chain migration
the migration of people to a specific location, because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.
