AP Test Vocab Flashcards
Balkanization
The contentious political process by which a state may break up into smaller countries.
CENTRIFUGAL FORCES
orces 1hat tend to divide a country.
CENTRIPETAL FORCES
es Forces that tend to unite or bind a country together.
COLONIALISM
The expansion and perpetuation of an empire.
COMPACT STATE
E A state 1hat possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.
ELONGATED STATE
A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape.
ENCLAVES
s Any small and relatively homogenous group or region surrounded by another larger and different group or region.
FEDERALISM
A system of government in which power is distributed-among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government.
GERRYMANDERING
The designation of voting districts so as to favor a particular political party or candidate.
Micro-state
.Eft State or tererritory that is small in both population and area.
NATION
a tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes.
NATION-STATE
A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity.
PRORUPTED STATE
A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away ftom the main territory.
SOVEREIGNTY
Supreme or independent political power.
Arithmetic Density
The number of people living in a given unit area
Census Tract
Small county subdivisions, usually containing between 2,500 and 8,000 persons delineated by the U.S. Census Bureau as areas of relatively uniform population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions.
Chain migration
the migration event in which individuals follow the migratory path of preceding friends or family members to an existing community.
Child mortality rate
Number of deaths per thousand of chilkdren within the last 5 years of life
Crude birth Rate
the number of live births per year per 1000
f ABSOLUTE DISTANCE I
2 A distance that can be measwed with a standald unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer,
`ABSOWTE LOCATION T
™ The exact position of an object or place, measwedwttfnPI coordinates of a grid system.
CARTOGRAMS A
MSA type of thematic map that mosforms space such d1at the political unit with the greatest value for some type of data is represented by the lugest relallative ae area
)CARTOGRAPHY The 1
r The tbeory and practice of making visual represeot ai ons of Earttx.’s suxface io the form of maps.
1` GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIST
) A set of complterer tools used to capture, store, 1Jtransform, analyze, and display geographic data.
-LATITUDE T
E The angular distance north or south of the equator, defined by lines of latitldtde or parallels.
^E,RCATO’R PROJECTION J
A true conformal cylindrical map projection, the Mercator projection is particularly used for navigation since it maintains accurate direction. Mercator projections are famous for their distortion area that makes landmasses at the poles appear oversized.
. RELATNE LOCATION 1
he position of a place relative to the places wound it
TIME-SPACE CONVERGENCE The :
The idea that distance between some places is actually shrinking f as technology enables more rapid communication and increased interaction among those places.
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities ale concentrated] building derrsities are usually quite bigb; and tans- . portation systems converge.
CENTRAL-PLACE THEORY
A theory formulated by Walter ChristaUer in the early 19005 1hat explains the size and distribution of cities jil temzs of a competitive supply of goods and services to dispersed populations.
Edge City
I Cities that are located on the outskirts of larger cities and serve many of the same locations of urban areas, but in a sprawling decentralized subwban environment.
FORWARD CAPITAL A
LA capital city placed in a remote or peripheral area for economic, strategic, or symbolic reasons.
. GATEWAY CITY Ci
Cities That, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and istributioa centers for large geographic areas.
: GENTRIFICATION Tt
N The trend of middle-and upper-income Americans moving into city centers and rehabilitating much of the architecture but also replacing low-income populations, \ and changing the social character of certain neighborhoods
GREAT MIGRATION
An early 20th-century mass movement of African Americans from the deep South to 1he industrial North particularly Chicago.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Period characterized by 1he rapid social and economic changes in manufacturing and agliadture that occurred in England during the late 18th century and rapidly diffused to other parts of the developed world.
ISLAMIC CITIES (
Cities in Muslim countries that owe their structure to their religious i beliefs. : Islamic cities contain mosques at their center and wads guarding their perimeter. Open-air markets, courtyards surrounded by high walls, and dead-end streets, which limit foot traffic to residential neighborhoods, also characterize Islamic cities.
LATIN AMERICAN CITIES
cities in Latin America that owe much of their structure to colonialism, the rapid rise of industrialization, and continual rapid increases in population similar to other colonial cities, they also demonstrate distinctive sectors of industrial or residential development radiating out from the central business district, where most industrial and \financial activity occurs.
MEGALOPOLIS
several metropolitan areas that were originally separate but that have joined fogether to form a large, sprawling urban complex.
METROPOLITAN AREA
Within the United States, an urban area consisting of one or more whole county units, usually containing several urbanized areas, or subwbs, that all act togedier as a coherent economic whole.
MULTIPLE-NUCLEI MODEL
Type of urban fore wherein cities have numerous centers of business and cultural activity instead of one place.
/SECTOR MODEL A
A model or urban land use that places the central business district in the fiiddle with wedge-shaped sectors radiating ouhald from the center along transportation corridors.
