Human Function Flashcards
What are two of the names that are used to refer to the set of functions that pump blood through your body
Circulatory System and and the cardiovascular system
The 3 main units of the Cardiovascular system are
Heart, blood and vessels
A muscle that contracts to pump blood
Heart
Blood moves through the blood vessels from the large arteries to __________ _________ to capillaries to small veins to large veins and back to the heart
Small arteries
Blood moves through the blood vessels from large arteries to smaller arteries to _____, to small veins to large veins and back to the heart.
capillaries
Blood moves through the blood vessels from large arteries to smaller arteries to capillaries to small veins to _____ _____ and back to the heart.
large veins
respiratory system consists of the
nose, throat, trachea
nose, throat, trachea better known as the ______ and the lungs
Windpipe
The trachea branches into ___ tubes called the______
Two; bronchi
two tubes called the _____, one of which goes into each lung
bronchi
The bronchi branch into smaller tubes called the _______, each of which ends in an _____, a tiny spherical sac.
bronchioles; alveolus
Inside the capillaries, the _____diffuses oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood.
alveoli
In the nervous system there are 3 main parts
the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves.
What function does the nervous system serve
Its function is to receive, process and transmit information, controlling body activities.
The brain has _ main parts
3
The, _______. Which controls functions such as thinking, seeing, and speaking
Cerebrum
Coordinates movement and positions
Cerebellum
The Brainstem controls what
Breathing and Heart Rate
Information is __________ from the brain throughout the nerve which is bundled into the ______ and branches out from there into all parts of the body.
Transmitted; spinal cord
Physical characteristics of organisms are called ______. The passing of traits to offspring through sexual reproduction is called _____
Traits ;heredity
The factors that control traits are called
Genes
Alleles are?
Different forms of genes
Individuals receive two versions of each gene, known as alleles, from each parent. If the alleles of a gene are different, one allele will be expressed; it is the _____ gene.
Dominant
A type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual. Two copies of the allele need to be present for the phenotype to be expressed.
Recessive
A “______ allele” refers to a genetic variant where an individual inherits two different versions (alleles) of the same gene, essentially creating a combination of genetic material from two different sources
hybrid
The genetic makeup of an organism or the complete set of genes it carries.
BB bb Bb bB
Genotype
BB bb Bb bB
_________; are rod shaped structures in the nucleus of each cell, as responsible for carrying genes from parent organisms to their offspring
The sides are called deoxiribose
Chromosomes
____________ _____;have half the number of chromosomes of an organism’s other cells.
Reproductive Cells
How many chromosomes does a human sex cell have?
56
How many chromosomes does a, non sex cell, have?
46
When a sperm cell and ovum unite, the resulting offspring has a full set of _________
Chromosomes
___ chromosome can contain thousands of genes on a single long molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
One
DNA molecules are shaped like a
Spiral Ladder
What are the sides of a DNA ladder called?
Deoxyribose
In the DNA ladder, what are each one of the rings made up of?
A pair of nitrogen bases
Adenine A; genuine G; thymine T; and cytosine C
4 nitrogen bases for the deoxyribose of DNA
If Adenine always pairs with Thymine, in DNA, what is the other pair?
Genuine and Cytosine
If Genuine and Cytosine always pair together as a nitrogen base, then what is the other pair?
Adenine and Thymine
DNA controls the cell’s production of ______, which help determine all the __________ and processes of the organism
Proteins; characteristics
What happens during protein synthesis?
The info from a gene in the cells nucleus is used to make a protein on the ribosome in the cytoplasm
What is Ribonucleic Acid
RNA
RNA or DNA the messenger
RNA
The name of a set, of three base pairs on the RNA is called a ?
Condon
What is the function of a codon?
Contains instructions for creating amino acids
What is an amino acid?
Protein Building Block
The sequence of ____determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein and thus the specific protein to be made. So, the order of bases on the gene forms a genetic code for the synthesis of a particular protein.
Codons
The sequence of codons determines the sequence of _____ in the protein and thus the specific protein to be made. So, the order of bases on the gene forms a genetic code for the synthesis of a particular protein.
Amino Acids
The sequence of codons determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein and thus the specific protein to be made. So, the order of bases on the gene forms a ________ for the synthesis of a particular protein.
Genetic Code
info from a gene in the cells of the nucleus are used to create a protein on the ribosome
This simple terms describes what?
Protein Synthesis
T, nitrogen base
Thymine
C, nitrogen base
Cytosine
A, nitrogen base
Aedine
G, nitrogen base
Genuine
