Human Factors

Question 1

Inversion

Answer 1

Occurs during an abrupt level off while in a climb.

Creates sensation of tumbling backwards.

Question 2

Coriolis Illusion

Answer 2

Occurs if the head is suddenly nods vertically while in a banked turn.
Creates sensation of rolling down a hill.

Question 3

Elevator Illusion

Answer 3

Occurs during an abrupt vertical acceleration.

Creates sensation of a climb or descent.

Question 4

False Horizon

Answer 4

Occurs when pilot refers to inaccurate visual information instead of instruments.
Example: Aligning with lights on a sloped surface or mountain.

Question 5

The Leans

Answer 5

Occurs when a turn is entered too slowly for the inner ear to detect the rolling motion.
Pilot may incorrectly assume straight-and-level flight while in a turn.

Question 6

Autokinesis

Answer 6

Occurs after staring at a bright light at night.

Light appears to be moving.

Question 7

Graveyard Spiral/Spin

Answer 7

Occurs during a prolonged, coordinated, constant-rate turn.
While recovering to level flight, pilot experiences the sensation of turning in the opposite direction and overcompensates.

Question 8

Somatographic

Answer 8

Occurs during rapid acceleration and deceleration.

During acceleration, pilot senses a nose high attitude and pitches down. The reverse is true for deceleration.

Question 9

Optical Illusions

Answer 9

●	Runway Width Illusion
●	Runway and Terrain Slopes Illusion
●	Featureless Terrain Illusion 
●	Water Refraction 
●	Haze 
●	Fog 
●	Ground Lighting Illusions

Question 10

Hypoxic Hypoxia

Answer 10

Lack of oxygen in atmosphere.

Question 11

Hypemic Hypoxia

Answer 11

Reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

Often CO poisoning.

Question 12

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Answer 12

The cells expecting and needing the oxygen are impaired and cannot use the oxygen.
Often alcohol or drug related.

Question 13

Stagnant Hypoxia

Answer 13

Blood flow is compromised.

Cold temperatures or pulling Gs.