Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life Sciences > Human Endocrine System > Flashcards

Human Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nervous system and hormones do?

A

enable animals to respond to external changes and

maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

endocrine gland

A
  • ductless glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the blood stream
  • blood transports the hormones to the target organs where they perform their function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

glands

A
  • any structure that produces and secretes hormones

- hormones can only trigger a reaction in specific cells (target cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

location of pituitary gland

A

base of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

location of thyroid

A

front of the trachea (throat) (butterfly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

location of pancreas

A
  • right side of abdomen - below a diaphragm

- releases hormone through duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

location of adrenal glands

A

above the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gonads

A
  • mammary glands
  • testis
  • ovaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pancreas

A

controls blood glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PGH - ADH (anti- diuretic hormone)

-target organ

A

Kidney (Collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ADH - function

A
  • Osmoregulation
  • Makes renal tubules permeable to water
  • More water is reabsorbed into bloodstream
  • Prevents urination
  • Released when dehydrated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ADH

-Negative feedback

A

More ADH-less aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PGH - TSH
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
-target organ

A

Thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TSH

-target organ

A

Stimulates thyroid to release thyroxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TSH

-negative feedback

A

Less TSH-More Thyroxin

More TSH-Less Thyroxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PGH - FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
-target organ

A

Gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

FSH

-function

A

Women- follicle development in ovaries

Men- sperm production in testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

FSH

-negative feedback

A

Men:
More testosterone-less FSH (low sperm count-could lead to infertility)
Women:
More progesterone-less FSH (prevent female from developing any more follicles while she is pregnant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

FSH

-Hyposecretion

A

Men:
low sperm count-could lead to infertility
Women:
Prevent follicles from forming-lead to infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PGH - LH
Luitenising hormone
-target organ

A

Women: ovaries (Graafian follicle)
Men: testes (Leydig cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

LH

-function

A

Women-ovulation

Men: Testosterone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

LH

-negative feedback

A

More testosterone: less LH

More progesterone: less LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PGH - GH
Growth hormone
-function

A
  • Increase in bone length
  • Increase in muscle mass
  • Decrease in adipose tissue (fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

GH

-Hyposecretion

A

Dwarfism (children)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

GH

-Hypersecretion

A
  • Gigantism (children)

- Acromegaly (adults)

26
Q

PGH - Oxytocin

-target organ

A

Muscles in uterus

27
Q

Oxytocin

-function

A

Causes the muscles of uterus to contract (labour pains)

28
Q

oxytocin

-positive feedback

A

More oxytocin-stronger contractions

29
Q

PGH - Prolactin

-target organ

A

Mammary gland

30
Q

Prolactin

-function

A

Stimulate mammary glands to produce milk

31
Q

Prolactin

-Hyposecretion

A

Not enough milk produced – bottle milk to be produced

32
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

hormone released : Thyroxin
requires iodine in diet
goes hand in hand with growth hormone

33
Q

Thyroid Gland

-function

A
  • Increases metabolic rate
  • Increases breathing & heart rate
  • Growth of organs
  • Normal functioning of nervous system
34
Q

Thyroid Gland

-Negative feedback

A

More Thyroxin-Less TSH

Less Thyroxin-More TSH

35
Q

Thyroid Gland

-Hyposecretion

A

Lack of Iodine-hyposecretion
Children- Cretinism
Adults- Myxoedema
Goitre

36
Q

Thyroid Gland

-Hypersecretion

A

hyperthyroidism

37
Q

Pancreas

-hormone released

A

-Insulin
released by beta cells which are located in the pancreas
- Glucagon

38
Q

Pancreas

-target organ

A

insulin - Fat cells/liver

glucagon - liver

39
Q
  1. pancreas

- function (insulin)

A

β (beta) cells releases insulin

It decreases blood glucose by converting glucose into glycogen inside the cells

Glycogen remains in the liver for future use

40
Q
  1. pancreas

- function (glucagon)

A

alpha cells are activated when the blood glucose levels are low

ά (alpha) cells (which are in the pancreas) releases glucagon when blood glucose levels are low

It increases blood glucose by converting glycogen into
glucose inside the cells

41
Q

pancreas

-negative feedback

A

When the blood glucose level is above the normal level-insulin is released

When the blood glucose level is below the normal level-glucagon is released

Graph fluctuates around the normal blood glucose level

42
Q

Adrenal Gland

-hormone released

A

Adrenalin

43
Q
  1. Adrenal Gland

- target organ

A

Works on entire body

Heart rate increases
(so that blood can go to the muscle tissues faster in order to provide the oxygen needed for cellular respiration)

Blood pressure
increases
(more blood is being pumped through the blood vessels)

Muscle tone increases
(muscles become tense-contract)

Pupil dilate 
(pupils become bigger and this allows more light to pass through so  that you can see better)
44
Q
  1. Adrenal Gland

- target organ

A

Insulin suppressed
(glucose is used for energy-balekaaa)

Glycogen converted into glucose by the liver
(Glucagon is released)

Breathing deepens
(more oxygen is needed for muscles)

45
Q

Adrenal Gland

-function

A

Prepares the body for an emergency

46
Q

Adrenal Gland

-negative feedback

A

After the emergency:

Noradrenaline is secreted in order to take the body back to a state of relaxation

47
Q

Gonads:
Ovaries

Testis

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone

Testosterone
inhibits the release of FSH

48
Q

Ovaries

-target organ

A 
Uterus 
(main shawty)
Breast tissue
Skeleton
Brain
Skin

Endometrium

49
Q
  1. Ovaries

- function

A

Thicken endometrium

Formation of secondary sexual characteristics

Maintains thickness of endometrium for pregnancy

Inhibits FSH and LH

50
Q
  1. Ovaries

- function

A

Inhibits FSH and LH

Stimulate blood vessel and alveoli in breasts to later produce milk (hence why pregnant women have bigger breasts)

51
Q

Ovaries

-negative feedback

A

FSH and LH
Why?
To ensure that the female does not produce any more egg cells during pregnancy) - progesterone

52
Q

Ovaries

-hyposecretion

A

oestrogen - may lead to infertility problems

53
Q

Testis

-function

A

Stimulates formation of secondary sexual characteristics

54
Q

Testis

-negative feedback

A

More testosterone: less FSH

More testosterone:
less LH

55
Q
A

negative feedback

56
Q

LOW BLOOD GLUCOSE (WHEN HUNGRY)

A

Alpha cells release glucagon
Glucagon inhibits insulin secretion
Glucagon instructs liver to convert glycogen into glucose – glucose level rises

57
Q

HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE (AFTER MEALS)

A

Beta cells release insulin
Insulin inhibits glucagon secretion
Insulin instructs liver to convert glucose into glycogen – glucose level drops

58
Q

An individual with this type of diabetes is unable to produce insulin - Type I diabetes

A

Causes:
Genetic/ Autoimmune/ Neglected type II diabetes
Treatment:
Insulin shots /Special diet/Regular testing

59
Q

An individual with this type of diabetes is unable to respond to insulin production - Type II diabetes

A

Causes:
Obesity/Inactivity/Age
Treatment:
Balanced diet/Exercise/Oral medication

60
Q

Diabetes results in what type of blood condition?

A

hyperglycemic (high glucose)

61
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining a constant internal equilibrium (balance) in the body

Life Sciences (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions