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Human Development > Human Development Unit 1 > Flashcards

Human Development Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is human development?

A

the scientific study of continuity and change in human beings from conception to death

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2
Q

The Goal of human development?

A

to describe, explain, and optimize growth across the lifespan

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3
Q

The only constant in life is change

A

we never step in the same river twice, youre not the same person you were a second ago

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4
Q

We are multifaceted beings

A

A. biological/physical: we are embodied beings with a complex interplay between mind and bodies
B. Psychosocial: the integration of psychological and social (relationships, identity, finding your self)

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5
Q

Multifaceted Beings part 2

A

C. Cognitive: intellectual skills such as attention, learning, ability to process information
D. Cultural: the influence of the larger environment in which we develop

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6
Q

Nature and Nurture

A

we are a product of both

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7
Q

We change constantly

A

in big and small ways

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8
Q

Transitional turning points

A

significant changes in roles/status ex. starting school, puberty, first job, leaving home

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9
Q

critical points

A

a time in which a particular experiences that have especially profound effects

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10
Q

cohorts

A

group of persons born at the same historical time and experience particular social changes within a particular culture at approx the same time

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11
Q

unique life events

A

things that can happen to us outside of our control that may cause relatively abrupt changes in your life

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12
Q

we are narrative beings

A

we like telling stories
listening to stories is how we make relationships

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13
Q

Ecology

A

scientific study of the interactions of organisms and their environment

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14
Q

Focus of EST

A

the interaction between child (nature) and their environment (nurture) produces development

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15
Q

Assumptions of EST

A

people are constantly changing
growth and development is a transactional interaction and environment
As the person grows they understand and engage with their ecosystem with more energy and complexity

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16
Q

3 components of EST

A

person
proximal processes
5 types of context

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17
Q

person

A

the person, physical, psychological and cultural attributes of a person influences their experiences

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18
Q

proximal processes

A

frequent, long term, increasingly complex activities a person engages in within a particular setting that leads to their growth

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19
Q

Microsystem

A

A setting where proximal processes occur. Microsystems consist of specific activities

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20
Q

Engaging Microsystems will

A
  1. be engaging and stimulating
  2. have warmth and reciprocity in relationships
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20
Q

Mesosystems

A

the connection between a persons microsystems

21
Q

Exosystem

A

settings that do not involve the developing person but nevertheless effect them

22
Q

Macrosystem

A

the sociocultural influences on the developing person. Belief systems, economic systems, and education

23
Q

Chronosystem

A

time: developments occurs within a historical context development is effected by people, settings, activities, and culture, but also my historical events

24
Q

Attachment

A

the close emotional tie between infant and caregiver

25
Q

Freuds Psychoanalytic View

A

strong attachment is a product of infants biological need for food and water

26
Q

Harry Harlow

A

infant contact study
two monkeys
one cloth, one had food

27
Q

Testing attachment

A

securely attached infants will use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the world

28
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

general wariness of unfamiliar adults and situations
starts around 8 months old

29
Q

Strange Situation Test

A

infants and caregiver in new setting
caregiver leaves
lots of emphasis on the reunion

30
Q

Secure Attachment

A

seeks comfort from caregiver then returns to independent play, uses caregiver as secure base
interested in toys and stranger

31
Q

Insecure Resistant Attachment

A

shows ambivalence to caregiver when the return

32
Q

Insecure Avoidant Attachment

A

avoids caregiver when they return
ghosts them

33
Q

Disorganized- Disoriented Attachment

A

contradictory behaviors (smile then turn away, frozen staring, ect)

34
Q

Causes of Attachment Styles

A
  1. Temperament in the child
  2. Dynamic/relational issues in parenting
35
Q

Adult relationships

A

Bowlby: early caregiver interactions may show insight into adult relationships

36
Q

Why temperament?

A
  1. behavior simply not only due to environment
  2. children suffer in susceptibility to environmental stressors
  3. Siblings are not the same person
37
Q

Dimensions of Temperament

A

Activity Level, Rhythmicity, Approach, Adaptability, intensity of reactions, threshold of responsiveness, quality of mood, distractibility

38
Q

Difficult children

A

high withdrawal, low rhythmicity, negative mood, low adaptability, high intensity of emotions

39
Q

Easy children

A

opposites of difficult children

40
Q

Slow to warm children

A

think of people with anxiety at partys

41
Q

Baumrind’s Parenting Style

A

parenting behaviors and attitudes that set the emotional climate of parent child interactions

42
Q

authoritarian parenting

A

high demandingness, low in responsivness
non responsive to needs of parental power
obedience, authority, and competence

43
Q

Authoritative

A

high demandingness and high in responsiveness
clear firm standards, but child is given autonomy
respects the childs opinion

44
Q

Permissive

A

low in demandingness and high in responsiveness
responsive to childs need d o not require the child to regulate themselves

45
Q

Rejecting/Neglecting

A

low in demandingness low in responsiveness
no limits or monitoring of Childs behavior
focused on their own needs

46
Q

the childs influence

A

the strongest influence on parenting is the childs behavior

47
Q

Bidirectionality

A

the parents shape kids and visa versa

48
Q

Attractiveness and temperament

A

more attractive kids get different treatment
same with kids with easier temperaments

49
Q

Do parents matter in developing of personality

A

No, genes and peers matter more in the long run

Human Development (3 decks)

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