Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment Flashcards
The individual develops after passing through eight well-defined stages, each of which demonstrates a unique combination of needs and vulnerabilities. Each development focuses on some aspect of growth.
Erikson’s Psychosocial stages of development
Birth to 1.5yrs
Infants develop a sense of trust in self and in others.
This stage forms the foundation for the rest of
development by creating a sense of security between the infant and caregiver.
Trust vs. Mistrust
1.5 to 3yrs same stage as Freud’s Anal Stage
Rapid growth in muscular maturation, verbalization
Most kids begin to potty train during this time.
A 2-year-old boy has control over personal and
physical skills and a sense of independence.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3-6 years old (same as Freud’s Phallic Stage)
The child is very initiative
The psychosocial task of a 5 year old during this stage is
to set goals without infringing on others rights.
Initiative vs Guilt
6-11yrs (same as Freud’s Latency Stage)
Developmental task is mastery over physical objects, self, and social interactions.
A 6-year-old child feels a sense of pride and competence
by beginning school.
Industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescence
To create an identify, reintegration of various components of self into a whole person. (peer groups are important.
A 16 year old asks the question, “Who am I?”
Identity vs Role Confusion
Early adulthood (20-30s) Task is to enter into relationships with other in an involved, reciprocal manner. A 20 year old is forming relationships with others, which is important in this stage.
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Adulthood (45-65 yrs)
Key task is to develop concern for establishing and guiding the next generation.
Failure of this stage, after age 65, results in little
connection to others and a sense of uselessness.
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Later adult hood (70 and up)
Acceptance of one’s life, achievements, and relationships as satisfactory and acceptance.
A 75-year-old man states, “I feel accomplished with the
life that I have lived.”
An 80-year-old woman views her life as unproductive or
with many regrets resulting in feelings of hopelessness.
Integrity vs. Despair
Birth-2yrs
Infant cannot evoke representation of persons or objects when they are absent symbolic function.
Learns that objects continue to exist when out of sight.
A 9-month-old child searches for a toy underneath a
blanket
Sensorimotor Stage
2-7 yrs
Developing of symbolic thoughts draws from sensory-motor thinking, Conceptual ability not yet developed.
A 3-year-old child thinks the sidewalk is mad at him
because it made him fall.
A 4-year-old boy says, “Mom must like grilled cheese
because I like grilled cheese.”
Preoperational stage
7-11yrs
Child gains capacity to order and relate experience to an organized whole. Child can now explore several possible solutions to a problem without adopting one.
A 10-year-old child can look at multiple aspects of a
problem in order to solve it.
A 7-year-old child can put sticks in order by height.
Concrete Operational Stage
11-Adolescense
Child/youth can visualize events and concepts beyond the present and is able to form theories.
A 12-year-old boy can think hypothetically and use logic
to problem-solve.
A 13-year-old girl can think about abstract concepts.
Formal Operational Stage
- Worth of the individual
- right of individual to access to services
- confidentiality
- self determination
- right of individual to fulfill potential without regard to class, race, gender, or sexual orientation
Social Work Values
Improve social functioning
resolve problems
achieve desired change
meet self-defined goals
Social Work Goals
A framework that a worker can use with any of the practice approaches in order to help the client establish and maintain a steady state.
Systems Theory
Role of emotional triangles. The three-person system or triangle is viewed as the smallest stable relationship system and forms when a two person system experiences tension.
Murray Bowens family system
Way of managing emotional issues with family members
Emotional cutoff
This therapy seeks to strengthen boundaries when family subsystems are enmeshed, or seeks to increase flexibility when these systems are overly rigid.
The family structure should be hierarchical and the parents should be at the top of the hierarchy.
Minchin’s Structural family Therapy
unconscious, irrational election of one family member for a negative, demeaned, or outsider role.
Scapegoating
10yrs-adulthood
acceptance of ones genitalia, concern for others well being
genital stage (Freud’s)
birth to 1.5
gratification through mouth/upper digestive tract
Oral Stage (Freud’s)
6-10 yrs; expression of sexual/aggressive drives in social acceptance
Latency Stage (Freud’s)
1.5-3yrs
child grain control over anal sphincter, bowel movements
Anal Stage (Freud’s)
3-5yrs
Child is directed toward opposite-sex parent and in competition with same sex parent.
Phallic Stage (Freud’s)
The individual develops after passing through eight well-defined stages, each of which demonstrates a unique combination of needs and vulnerabilities. Each development focuses on some aspect of growth.
Erikson’s Psychosocial stages
The individual develops after passing through eight well-defined stages, each of which demonstrates a unique combination of needs and vulnerabilities. Each development focuses on some aspect of growth.
Erikson’s Psychosocial stages
