human development & diversity

Question 1

LESSON 1 SLIDE 4, GO STUDY IT IS GOOD

Answer 1

-

Question 2

define human development

Answer 2

refers to a broader interpretation of development; one that takes into account social, economic, cultural and political aspects of development, to look more holistically at the quality of life

Question 3

what factors does the development cable model reference? (core & 5 strands)

Answer 3

core = economic
environmental, demographic, social, cultural and political

Question 4

where does the development cable model see limitations? x2

Answer 4

its lack of differentiation in the importance of the various strands

sees development through a western lens

Question 5

how does the UN play a significant role in collecting measured data on development progress in countries through development frameworks (x2)?

Answer 5

millennium development goals (MDGs)and thesustainable development goals (SDGS)

Question 6

what purpose do development frameworks serve? x2

Answer 6

they act as a stimulus for countries to makemeasured development improvements

they provide apathway for organisationsto improve human development

Question 7

how is HDI defined? x3 components

Answer 7

a country’s average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: health, knowledge and standard of living

Question 8

HDI scale & value’s meanings

Answer 8

0-1
the higher a country’s human development, the higher its HDI value

Question 9

negatives to the HDI x4

Answer 9

Data from some developing countries may not be very reliable and may be difficult to confirm.

The measures chosen may seem very arbitrary to some because there are other way of measuring relative qualities in health and education.

Similar criticism of GDP, that it does not measure unequal distribution within the country.

No indication in the education index about access to education for all groups in society (continuation of wealthy students through education can hide the fact that it is difficult for children of poorer families to enter primary education)

Question 10

how are the different components of HDI measured? (knowledge)

Answer 10

a combination of the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrolment ratio

Question 10

how are the different components of HDI measured? (health)

Answer 10

life expectancy (is impacted by advancements in medicine, sanitation, nutrition)

Question 10

positives to the HDI x3

Answer 10

There is widespread use of HDI to compare development levels and it does reveal clear global patterns.

Does not solely concentrate on economic development, and takes into consideration that there are other, more social, ways to measure human development.​

Increase in education and health shows an improvement in a country’s infrastructure.

Question 11

what is GDP a sum of?

Answer 11

the sum value of all goods and services produced within a country in a year

Question 11

how are the different components of HDI measured? (standard of living)

Answer 11

Real GDP per capita (PPP$, or purchasing power parity dollars)

Question 11

why may countries with high per capita GDP may still have low HDI rates?

Answer 11

The difference lies in the way national leaders set their priorities and allocate government funds.

In some nations, wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few people, while the majority live in poverty.

Question 12

millennium development goal (MDGs) existing dates. what were they replaced by?

Answer 12

2000-2015, SDGs

Question 13

how many SDGs are there?

Answer 13

17

Question 14

what is Bjorn Lomberg’s (the director of the think tank) main criticism on the SDGs?

Answer 14

being too broad, with such wide plans nothing significant will be done ($ used will have little effect as it will be so dilluted)

Question 15

NGO “rural development” and impact on gender equality

Answer 15

targeted support to divorced and widowed women in south niger

women were trained to bring redundant and infertile land back into production through the land management method calledtassas (working in fields of shallow pits to improve crop yield)

Question 16

how did yemen’s win of the Ashden Awards benefit minority groups (women and youth)?

Answer 16

the project focused on access to affordable and sustainable energy and providing sustainable income to women and youth of yemen

provides women with an opportunity to provide their families with food, shelter, medicine and other vital supplies, it allows them to have a voice incommunity decision makingand togain community respect

Question 17

the gender inequality index (GII) reflects gender-based disadvantage in what three dimensions? range and meaning of the final values

Answer 17

reproductive health
empowerment
the labour market

​it ranges from 0, where women and men fare equally, to 1, where one gender fares as poorly as possible in all measured dimensions

Question 18

lesson 02, last 3 slides of videos

Answer 18

-

Question 19

how are indigenous people defined?

Answer 19

having a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory, and their cultural or historical distinctiveness from other populations that are often politically dominant

Question 20

case study of a non-profit org partnering with indigenous communities– what do they work towards?

Answer 20

cultural survival– partners with Indigenous communities to advance Indigenous Peoples’ rights and cultures worldwide

Question 21

what does the group “100 black men” aim to combat? how does it do this?

Answer 21

negative media representation of the black community through positive examples and positive actions and experiences

delivering programmes and activities focused on mentoring, education, economic empowerment, and health & wellness

Question 22

define social entrepreneurship

Answer 22

an approach by individuals, groups, start-up companies or organisations, in which they develop, fund and implement innovative solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues

Question 23

examples of social entrepreneurship x3

Answer 23

microfinanceinstitutions
educational programs
providing banking services in disadvantaged areas

Question 24

who does microfinance target?

Answer 24

people who ordinarily would not be able to access credit through the conventional banking system

Question 25

lesson 04, slide 04

Answer 25

-

Question 26

define microfinance (alsocalledmicrocredit​)

Answer 26

a type of banking service provided to unemployed or low-income individuals or groups who otherwise would have no other access to financial services

Question 27

characteristics of loans through microfinance x3

Answer 27

loans are smaller amounts of $

loans are going directly to the need

the lender understands and supports the borrowers’ business requirements for the loan

Question 28

2 major categories of microfinance

Answer 28

solidarity groups & community-based organisations

Question 29

the solidarity group model became famous through what group?

Answer 29

grameen bank (dr. muhammad yunus)

Question 30

in latin america, the solidarity group model is used, what was changed about it?

Answer 30

rather than address differentsocial challenges, they chose instead to focus more onbasic credit provision (to retain loan approval and administration, using the already-existing operational systems developed for individual lending)

Question 31

how are CBOs different from solidarity groups?

Answer 31

they assumeeventual graduationof their borrowers away from the lending institution towardsfinancial independence

Question 32

what did the grameen bank focus on?

Answer 32

social injustice, especially towards women (in bangladesh). 97% of its almost 10 million borrowers are women. it also has a pay back rate of 98, much higher than other traditional banks