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geography > global climate vulnerability & resilience > Flashcards

global climate vulnerability & resilience Flashcards

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1
Q

purpose of the atmosphere x3

A

protects us from the vacuum of space

absorbs the sun’s UV radiation

essential for the water cycle (and life)

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2
Q

layers of the atmosphere x4 (and bonus)

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere & thermosphere (& exosphere)

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3
Q

in which layer is the ozone layer?

A

stratosphere (20-30km in altitude)

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4
Q

in which layer does weather occur?

A

troposphere

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5
Q

in the troposphere, temperature ________ with altitude

A

decreases

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6
Q

in the stratophere, temperature ________ with altitude

A

increases

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7
Q

why is the mesosphere cold?

A

there is nothing to absorb heat

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8
Q

thermosphere characteristics x2

A

hot & has thinnest air

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9
Q

shortwave radiation (UV) from the sun is also known as what? x3

A

sun’s rays, solar radiation & insulation

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10
Q

greenhouse gases that have the largest warming effect on the earth x2

A

carbon dioxide (below) & water vapour (e.g. clouds)

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11
Q

define albedo

A

an expression of the ability of surfaces to reflect sunlight (heat from the sun). (the higher the albedo, the more reflection) (the lower the albedo the more absorption)

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12
Q

high vs low albedo in relation to surface colour

A

light-colouredsurfaces return a large part of the sun rays back to the atmosphere (high albedo).

dark surfaces absorb the rays from the sun (low albedo).

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13
Q

lists of natural changes in the global energy balance x5

A

reflectivity/albedo

global dimming

11-year solar cycle

changes in atmospheric conditions

milankovitch cycles

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14
Q

watch a video on global dimming!!!!!!!!!

A

-

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15
Q

watch a video on 11 year solar cycle!!!!!!!!!

A

-

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16
Q

watch a video on milankovitch cycles!!!!!!!!!

A

-

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17
Q

what are the 3 main carbon sinks?

A

soil, forests and oceans

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18
Q

define carbon sink

A

anything that absorbs MORE carbon than it releases

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19
Q

define carbon source

A

anything that absorbs LESS carbon than it releases

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20
Q

define radiation

A

the emission of short waves and long waves. as the sun is a very hot body, it releases short waves, whereas the earth as a cold body releases long waves

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21
Q

define convection

A

the transfer of heat by the movement of a gas or a liquid

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22
Q

define conduction

A

the transfer of heat by contact

23
Q

___________ and _________ clouds reflect much more short-wave radiation than thin higher clouds like ______ clouds

A

Stratocumulus and Nimbostratus
Cirrus

24
Q

define global dimming

A

the cooling of the air temperature due to pollution

25
Q

define aerosol

A

a substance released in very fine mist (tiny particles of liquid or solid suspended within a gas)

26
Q

what word should be used when referring to the intensity of weather events?

A

magnitude

27
Q

negative feedback loop vs positive feedback loop

A

a negative feedback loop means a return of stable equilibrium (stable)
a positive feedback loop means a change away from equilibrium (unstable)

28
Q

direct consequences of man-​made climate change x8

A

temperatures will continue to rise

frost-free season (and growing season) will lengthen

changes in precipitation patterns

more droughts and heat waves

hurricanes will become stronger and more intense

sea level will rise 1-8 feet by 2100

arctic likely to become ice-free by mid-century – shrinking glaciers

thawing permafrost

29
Q

indirect consequences ofclimate change, which directly affect us humans and our environment x7

A

an increase in hunger and water crises, esp in LIC’s

health risks thru rising air temps & heat domes

economic implications of dealing with secondary damage related to climate change

increasing spread of pests and pathogens

loss of biodiversity due to limited adaptability and adaptability speed of flora and fauna

ocean acidification due to increased HCO3 concentrations in the water as a consequence of increased CO₂ concentrations

the need for adaptation in all areas (e.g. agriculture, forestry, energy, infrastructure, tourism, etc.)

30
Q

about how much % of solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere?

A

~25%

31
Q

about how much % of re-mitted is captured by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

A

~85%

32
Q

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDRxfuEvqGg&ab_channel=IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange%28IPCC%29

A

-

33
Q

go over the agri paper things

A

-

34
Q

review egypt vs denmark task

A

-

35
Q

watch a video on the process of condenstation

A

-

36
Q

reasons for sea level rise x2

A

water expands in heat & ice melt

37
Q

how is biodiversity suffering from climate change x5

A

biomes are changing (seasons are lengthening)
disruption to local ecosystems
forest fires
melting permafrost
migration of biomes (poleward & increase in altitude)

38
Q

how can climate change effect our health? x4

A

Effects of extreme heat on humans and animals can lead to death and illness

Decrease in crop yields

Changes in precipitation can affect insect populations which can be important for disease, ex: Malaria, pest infestation of crops

Extreme weather events can indirectly affect water supply and sanitation – causing contamination and disease outbreaks

39
Q

the local effects and vulnerability of populations will depend on what factors? x5

A

exposure

sensitivity

development and adaptive capacity,

future demographic and economic changes

mitigation and adaptation policies implemented by governments/response

40
Q

read over ppt Unit_2.3.1_Case_Studies-Disparities_in_Risk_and_Vulnerability

A

-

41
Q

watch videos on COP21

A

-

42
Q

what understanding was developed by the COP21 paris agreement?

A

global geopolitical effort recognizing that the source/s of greenhouse gas emissions may be spatially distant from the countries most impacted

43
Q

what ecosystem stores the most carbon?

A

peatlands

44
Q

what does NDC stand for? what do they allow? how often are they reevaluated?

A

nationally determined contributions

NDCs allow for country-specific action

NDCs are to be re-evaluated every 5 years, and the expectation is that each re-evaluation will go beyond the previous one

45
Q

COP21 encourages development in what? x3

A

early warning systems, emergency preparedness, and slow onset events

46
Q

watch a video on pros & cons of COP 21

A

-

47
Q

watch a video on REDD

A

-

48
Q

where is climate change civil society group “extinction rebellion’ based? what are their 3 key aims for the government? what did the US group add as a 4th aim?

A

UK

Declare a climate and ecological emergency

Act now to halt biodiversity loss and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by 2025.

Create, and be led by the decisions of, a citizens’ assembly on climate and ecological justice

US XR added the idea that a just transition that prioritises the most vulnerable people and indigenous sovereignty

49
Q

what is brac? where is it located? how many people has it reached?

A

a development NGO that works across multiple fields of human development (largest globally)

founded in bangladesh but operates in eleven other countries in asia, africa and the americas

in total it has a reach to over 120 million people in Bangladesh alone

50
Q

things brac works towards x8

A

protecting resources

improving quality of life

building an awareness approach about the environment in rural and urban communities (tools, education, etc. to battle climate change)

adaption and mitigation strategies against climate change

adoption of sustainable practices to combat future climate hazards

promotion of climate resilient agriculture

supporting women

nutrition and food security projects

51
Q

what successions has brac seen? x2

A

fertility rate reduction

providing boats as classrooms due to the loss of flooded submerged buildings

52
Q

what is the mangrove action plan? what purpose do these trees serve?

A

US based NGO in many tropical mangrove countries

mangroves are important to costal communties as they are buffers to storms

53
Q

read over technology and geo-engineering ppt slides 11-22

A

geography (4 decks)

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