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LCSW Exam > Human Development & Behavior > Flashcards

Human Development & Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

Piaget; 0-2yrs; object permanence

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2
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

Piaget; 2-7yrs; use of language and other symbols, limited by egocentrism, belief that inanimate objects have intentions and feelings, centration (attend to one aspect of a problem/situation at a time), magical thinking

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3
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

Piaget; 7-11yrs; mental operations (imagining consequences), perspectivism (relationships remain the same despite physical or social changes), conservation (quantity doesn’t change even if it is altered - poured, pulled, squished, etc.)

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4
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

Piaget; 11+; abstract reasoning, hypothetical thinking, renewed egocentrism

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5
Q

Id

A

Freud; present at birth, represents primal urges/needs, pleasure principal

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6
Q

Ego

A

Freud; emerges at 6 months, reality principal, realistic and rational, mediates desires of id and superego

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7
Q

Superego

A

Freud; moral conscience

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8
Q

Oral Stage

A

Freud; 0-12months; focus is on mouth, weaning, fixation can result in personality that is: dependent, passive, manipulative, sarcastic–all orally focused traits

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9
Q

Anal Stage

A

Freud; 1-3 years; hold-on/let-go, toilet training, fixation can result in personality that is: anal-retentive (stinginess, selfishness, obsessive-compulsive behavior) or anal-expulsive (cruelty, destructiveness, messiness)

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10
Q

Phallic Stage

A

Freud; 3-6 years; Oedipal/Electra conflict, identification with same-sex parent, fixation can result in personality that sexually exploits others

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11
Q

Latency Stage

A

Freud; 6-12 years; reduced libidinal energy, focus is on social skills and academics

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12
Q

Genital Stage

A

Freud; 12+ years; libido and affection combine to produce mature sexual relationships

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13
Q

Trust vs. Mistrust

A

Erikson; Infancy; dependent on others, sense of trust and optimism

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14
Q

Autonomy vs. Shame

A

Erikson; Toddler; toilet training, mastery over motor skills (e.g. walking)

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15
Q

Initiative vs. Guilt

A

Erikson; Early Childhood; role experimentation, ability to set goals

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16
Q

Industry vs. Inferiority

A

Erikson; School-age; mastery of social and academic skills

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17
Q

Identity vs. Role Confusion

A

Erikson; Adolescent; development of independence, sense of belonging and purpose

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18
Q

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A

Erikson; Young Adult; capacity for commitment

19
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A

Erikson; Middle Age; midlife crisis, commitment to future generations

20
Q

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

A

Erikson; Elderly; views own life with value

21
Q

Introjection

A

Defense Mechanism; ascribing the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of others to oneself

22
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Defense Mechanism; avoiding an anxiety-evoking impulse by actively expressing the opposite

23
Q

Displacement

A

Defense Mechanism; Redirecting an anxiety-evoking impulse to a less threatening target

24
Q

Sublimation

A

Defense Mechanism; acting out socially unacceptable impulses in socially acceptable ways

25
Q

Overcompensation

A

Defense Mechanism; concealing perceived deficiencies in one area by excelling in another

26
Q

Entropy

A

Systems Theory; state of disorganization. Occurs when an open system closes, resulting in the imbalance of the flow of energy between the system and its environment

27
Q

Feedback (Systems Theory)

A

Used to regulate the exchange of energy between a system and its environment; negative feedback RESTORES or MAINTAINS the homeostasis of the system, positive feedback UPSETS the system’s homeostasis

28
Q

Reinforcement (Skinner)

A

Consequence that causes behavior to INCREASE

Ex Bx: Completing chores
Positive reinforcement (reward) - toy prize
Negative reinforcement (escape) - Get yelled at less by parent

29
Q

Punishment (Skinner)

A

Consequence that causes a behavior to DECREASE

Ex Bx: Hitting sibling
Positive punishment (punishment) - spanking
Negative punishment (penalty) - lose opportunity to go on field trip

30
Q

Extinction

A

Withholding reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior in order to decrease or eliminate that behavior

31
Q

Separation Anxiety (Typical)

A

begins around 6 months, most intense at 15-18 months, then declines

32
Q

Stranger Anxiety (Typical)

A

begins around 8 months, continues through age 2, normal

33
Q

Stages of Group Development

A

Forming > Storming > Norming > Performing > Adjourning

34
Q

Preconventional Morality Level

A

Kohlberg;
Punishment and Obedience Stage: Driven by consequences
Instrumental Hedonism Stage: driven by wants and needs

35
Q

Conventional Morality Level

A

Kohlberg;
Good boy/good girl stage: driven by the approval of others
Law and order stage: adherence to rules and laws

36
Q

Postconventional Morality Level

A

Kohlberg;
Morality of contact: right action is consistent with democratically determined laws
Morality of Conscience: decisions are based on universal ethical principles

37
Q

Stages of Grief

A

Kubler-Ross; Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

38
Q

How long do crises last?

A

6-8 weeks

39
Q

Stages of Crisis

A
  1. Hazardous event
  2. Vulnerable State
  3. Precipitating Factor
  4. Active Crisis State
  5. Reintegration
40
Q

Hazardous Event

A

1st Stage of Crisis; stressful event that disrupts a person’s equilibrium

41
Q

Vulnerable State

A

2nd Stage of Crisis; The stressful event is perceived as a threat, loss or challenge. There is an increase in tension as coping strategies are employed yet disequilibrium persists

42
Q

Precipitating Factor

A

3rd Stage of Crisis; Triggers a crisis “the last straw”

43
Q

Active Crisis State

A

4th Stage of Crisis; disequilibrium, physical and psychological agitation, impaired functioning, anxiety, depression, and preoccupation with the crisis event

LCSW Exam (5 decks)

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