Human development Flashcards
week 1
ways people grow and change across the life
span; includes people’s biological, cognitive,
psychological and social functioning
What is human development?
in a population, the number of births per
woman
What is total fertility rate (TFR)
world’s most economically developed and
affluent countries, with the highest median
levels of income and education
Definition of developed countries
countries that have lower levels of income
and education than developed countries but
are experiencing rapid economic growth
Definition of developing countries
total pattern of a group’s customs, beliefs, art
and technology
What is culture?
cultural values such as independence and
self-expression
What is individualistic culture?
cultural values such as obedience and group
harmony
What is a collectivist culture?
in developing countries, a rural culture that
adheres more closely to cultural traditions
than people in urban areas do
What is traditional culture?
increasing connections between different
parts of the world in trade, travel, migration
and communication
What is globalisation?
within a country, the cultural group that sets
most of the norms and standards and holds
most of the positions of political, economic,
intellectual and media power
What is majority culture?
settings and circumstances that contribute to
variations in pathways of human
development, including socioeconomic status,
gender and ethnicity, as well as family,
school, community, media and culture
What are contexts?
person’s social class, including educational
level, income level and occupational status
SES definition
group identity that may include components
such as cultural origin, cultural traditions,
race, religion and language
Ethnicity definition
the environmental conditions for which a given
species has evolved
Ecological niche
characteristic pattern of individual
development in a species
Ontogenetic
pertaining to the development of a species
Phylogenetic
evolutionary process in which the offspring
best adapted to their environment survive to
produce offspring of their own
Natural selection
evolutionary line that led to modern humans
Hominin
Larger brain, Wider pelvis, females, longer dependency, Development of tools, control of fire.
evolution that led to Homo sapiens, several
characteristics developed that made us distinct from earlier hominins
The larger brains of early Homo babies
meant that babies were born less mature than they were for
earlier hominin, resulting in a longer period of infant and childhood
dependency.
What is longer dependency?
species of modern humans
Homo sapiens
social and economic system in which
economic life is based on hunting (mostly by
males) and gathering edible plants (mostly by
females)
hunter-gatherer
period of human history from 40,000 to
10,000 years ago, when distinct human
cultures first developed
Upper Palaeolithic period
era of human history from 10,000 to 5,000
years ago, when animals and plants were
first domesticated
Neolithic period
