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SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY > HUMAN DEVELOPMENT > Flashcards

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

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1
Q

3 MAJOR PATHS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

A

Physical Development, Physical Development, Cognitive Development

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2
Q

changes in bodily appearance and structure, and in bodily activities like motor skills

A

Physical Development

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3
Q

changes in social and emotional aspects of personality

A

Psychosocial Development

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4
Q

changes in the thought processes that could affect language, learning activities, and memory

A

Cognitive Development

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5
Q

a process whereby traits of parents are handed down to their offspring via the genes.

A

HEREDITY

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6
Q

the forces that affect man, like physical forces, natural forces, and social forces.

A

ENVIRONMENT

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7
Q

(a) thread-like or rope-like bodies that contain the genes, either classified as (b)

A

(a) Chromosomes (b) autosomes or trait chromosomes

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8
Q

bearers of hereditary traits.

A

Genes

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9
Q

are strong genes; the trait that dominant genes carry will be manifested in the offspring

A

Dominant genes

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10
Q

are weak genes; the traits can only be manifested if it is paired with another recessive gene of its kind.

A

Recessive genes

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11
Q

“Like begets like”, where human individuals will reproduce their own kind.

A

Principle of Reproduction

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12
Q

“No” 2 individuals of any kind are exactly “alike” even identical twins have mild differences.

A

Variation

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13
Q

similarities and differences among family members.

A

Dominance and Recessive

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14
Q

the hereditary endowments and the number of births and the millions of sperm which fertilize the ripened egg is played and attributed by chance alone.

A

Chance

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15
Q

sex-linked traits are carried by the same genes that determine sex which are carried by women but, usually suffered by most men (ex. Baldness, color blindness, hemophilia).

A

Sex-Linked Characteristics

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16
Q

the appearance in general like facial features, complexion, height, and body built.

A

Physical traits

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17
Q

are characteristics like harelip, cleft-plate, and stub-finger.

A

physical defects

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18
Q

are predisposition to tuberculosis, asthma, and hypertension.

A

physical diseases

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19
Q

examples are I.Q. level, some cases of mental retardation, and predisposition to mental disorder.

A

Mental traits

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20
Q

like artistic, literary, athletic, musical, and numerical talents.

A

Special talents/abilities

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21
Q

arise when one egg cell/ovum further divides into two after being fertilized by one sperm, have same sex and looks

A

Identical or monozygotic twins

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22
Q

arise from two eggs/ova which are fertilized by two different sperm cells, the same or different sexes

A

Fraternal or dizygotic twins

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23
Q

different area of the body, called an erogenous zone, at each of the five stages of development:

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic,Latency, Genital

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24
Q

Children develop ______ ,mental models, to interpret information

A

schemata

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25
Q

is when they take in information that fits with what they already know

A

Assimilation

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26
Q

describes when they change their schemata based on new information

A

Accommodation

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27
Q

From fertilization to 2 weeks
rapid cell division

A

Zygotic/Germinal Stage

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28
Q

2nd week to 8th weeks or 2 months
Umbilical cord connect the embryo to the placenta

A

Embryonic Stage

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29
Q

8th weeks to birth
Appearance of the first bone cells

A

Fetal Stage

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30
Q

substances that are damaging and causing birth defects.

A

Teratogens

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31
Q

fetus’ head emerges first through the birth canal followed by one shoulder then the other, next by the arms one at a time and finally the legs.

A

Natural or Spontaneous Birth

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32
Q

employed with the aid of surgical instruments if the fetus is too large or if its position does not allow normal birth process.

A

Instrument Birth

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33
Q

fetal buttocks appear first, followed by the legs, arms and eventually the head.

A

Breech Birth

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34
Q

the fetus lies crosswise in the mother’s uterus.

A

Transverse Presentation Birth

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35
Q

the fetus is delivered surgically by means of a slit created in the maternal abdominal wall.

A

Cessarian-Section Birth

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36
Q

(a) from birth to two weeks and is
subdivided into: (b)

A

(a) Infancy (b) Period of the Partunate

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37
Q

first 15 to 20 minutes after birth, upon cutting umbilical cord; the infant separate and independent being.

A

Period of the Partunate

38
Q

the rest of the infancy period. almost two weeks after birth.

A

Period of Neonate

39
Q

(a) extends from 2nd week of infancy
up to the 2nd year of life, known as the (b)

A

(a) Babyhood Period (b) Age of helplessness

40
Q

ability to move the head first, then the arms and finally the legs and begin to walk

A

Cephalocaudal principle

41
Q

the ability of an infant to move its arms and legs before being able to produce fine motor movement with its fingers.

A

Proximodistal principle

42
Q

-The number of synaptic connections increase
-Influenced by diet and environment

A

Brain growth

43
Q

begins at birth to indicate distress and it serves as a rudimentary means of communication.

A

Crying

44
Q

simple sounds like yawning, sneezing, coughing, sighing and other sounds which are known as cooing

A

Cooing or Babbling

45
Q

appeared at 3rd to 16th month of age.

A

Gestures and Non-verbal Communication

46
Q

done through facial and bodily changes, if they are happy, muscles are relax and if angry, muscles are tensed.

A

Emotional Expressions

47
Q

get hungry and sleepy at predictable times, react cheerfully and seldom fuss.

A

Easy babies

48
Q

irregular and irritable (develop attention and aggression problems in childhood)

A

Difficult babies

49
Q

fuss at the beginning but eventually come to enjoy their activities. (tend to become shy preschoolers and somewhat anxious teens)

A

Slow-to-warm up babies

50
Q

a strong, intimate emotional connection that persists over time and across circumstances between an infant and a caregiver

A

Attachment

51
Q

is critical, it is the pleasure of being touched and held

A

Contact comfort

52
Q

Set strict rules and expectations

A

Authoritarian parents

53
Q

Rules and expectations used as “life guidelines”

A

Authoritative parents

54
Q

Few rules with no “real” punishment

A

Permissive parents

55
Q
  • Nearly neglect children
  • Abusive?
A

Indifferent parents

56
Q

2-6 years, “Age of Curiosity”, aggression and negativisim.

A

Early Childhood stage

57
Q

6 years up to onset of puberty between 11 to 12 years, “Smart Age” and “Gang Stage”, desire for acceptance and belongingness.

A

Late Childhood stage

58
Q

(a) end of childhood and early part of adolescence.
rapid changes in height and skeletal structures , and also changes in weight and sexual maturation.
Called an: (b)

A

(a) PUBERTY STAGES (b) Age of Confusion

59
Q

primary sexual characteristics occur,
reproductive apparatus

A

Pre-pubescence

60
Q

completion of pubic hair growth, completion in the primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

A

Post-pubescence

61
Q

period of storm and stress

A

ADOLESCENCE STAGE

62
Q

13 to 17 years, unpredictable, unstable, unsociable at times.

A

Teenager or the young adolescent

63
Q

Peak muscle strength, reaction time, sensory abilities, and cardiac functioning

A

Early Adulthood Stage

64
Q
  • Spouses are dependent to each other
  • From family centered to partner centered relationship
A

Middle Adulthood Stage

65
Q

for women, loss of reproductive capacity

A

Menopause

66
Q

for men, decline active functioning of sex organ.

A

Climacteric (Andropause)

67
Q

physical and psychological deterioration

A

Stage of senescence

68
Q

sensory acuity declines, hearing, visual, - health problems are common

A

Late Adulthood Stage or Old Age

69
Q

it is more desirable for people to withdraw from society as they age

A

Disengagement Theory

70
Q

assumes that people who remain active physically, mentally, and socially will adjust better to aging

A

Activity Theory

71
Q

0-1 Age

A

Trust vs mistrust

72
Q

1-3 Age

A

Autonomy vs shame/doubt

73
Q

3-6 Age

A

Initiative vs guilt

74
Q

7-11 Age

A

Industry vs inferiority

75
Q

12-18 Age

A

Identity vs confusion

76
Q

19-29 Age

A

Intimacy vs isolation

77
Q

30-64 Age

A

Generativity vs stagnation

78
Q

65 - Age

A

Integrity vs despair

79
Q

Blindly obey authority so as to avoid any punishment

A

Stage 1: Morality
of punishment and
of obedience

80
Q

Making a fair exchange, a good deal

A

Stage 2: Morality
of naïve instrumental
hedonism

81
Q

Pleasing others and getting their approval. Want to
be regarded as good and well-behaved

A

Stage 3: Morality
of maintaining
good relations

82
Q

Doing your duty, following rules and social order

A

Stage 4: Morality
of maintaining
social order

83
Q

Respecting rules and laws but recognizing that they may have limits

A

Stage 5: Morality
of social contracts

84
Q

Following universal ethical principles such as justice, reciprocity, equality and respect for human life and rights Stages of Human Developm

A

Stage 6: Morality
of universal ethical
principles

85
Q

If cheek of corner of mouth is touched, the infant turns head, opens mouth and begins sucking (birth – 4 months)

A

Rooting

86
Q

If object makes contact with infant’s mouth, the infant will begin sucking, allows the newborn adjust to its new manner of taking food.

A

Sucking

87
Q

When dropped or hears loud noise, infant throws arms outward and arches back, arms and legs are flung to the sides then brought them back in a hugging position. (birth – 2 months)

A

Moro
(startle)

88
Q

When the bottom of the foot is touched, the infant’s toes fan out and the foot twists in (birth – 1yr)

A

Babinski

89
Q

If the palm of the hand is touched, the infant makes a “grasping motion” (birth – 5 or 6 months)

A

Darwinian

90
Q

the baby closes his eyes when there is a bright ray that hit his eyes.

A

Pupillary

91
Q

babies usually make well-coordinated movements when they are put in water with face down

A

Swimming

SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY (5 decks)

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