CHAPTER 1

Question 1

The scientific study of behaviors and mental processes

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

Greek word “Psyche”

Answer 2

Mind or Soul

Question 3

Logos

Answer 3

Knowledge or Study

Question 4

to study the mind, one has to associate the way of thinking of an individual to his behavior

Answer 4

Study of Behavior

Question 5

can be directly observed

Answer 5

Overt behavior

Question 6

cannot be directly observed

Answer 6

Covert behavior

Question 7

forms of cognition or ways of knowing, man’s perception, attention and capability to remember, to reason and solve problems.

Answer 7

Mental Processes

Question 8

Transpersonal psychology (interact with their Gods during difficult times)
► First psychological experiment
► Ebers Papyrus (oldest medical knowledge documents) the first
known mentions of psychological conditions like dementia and depression.

Answer 8

Egyptians

Question 9

Soul had many parts, called polypsychism, which combined into the overall “soul” called _____

Answer 9

Akh

Question 10

Soul had many parts, called polypsychism, which combined into the overall “soul” called _____

Answer 10

Akh

Question 11

Hippocrates proposed the idea of the four temperaments, linked personality traits to bodily fluids or _____

Answer 11

humors

Question 12

mind and body are two entities that interact to form human experience

Answer 12

dualism

Question 13

Believed that at birth the human mind is a “tabula rasa” or a blank slate, on which experience “writes” knowledge.

Answer 13

John Locke

Question 14

natural selection: inspired the Psychological school of thought, Functionalism.

Answer 14

Charles Darwin

Question 15

He was concerned with the study of individual differences. He was considered as the “Father of Mental tests”

Answer 15

Francis Galton

Question 16

Considered as the “Father of Modern Psychology.” He established the first experimental laboratory for the study of Psychology, in Leipzig, Germany, 1879.

Answer 16

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 17

Wundt has seeking to measure the ______ the fastest and simplest mental processes.

Answer 17

atoms of the mind

Question 18

behavior is governed by unconscious motive and primitive biological instincts. It considered all humans basically would like to gain pleasure and avoid pain.

Answer 18

Psychoanalysis

Question 19

Naming and classifying various observable, measurable behaviors

Answer 19

Description of Behaviors

Question 20

Being able to state the causes of a behavior, organization of facts about behavior.

Answer 20

Understanding behavior

Question 21

Predicting behavior accurately, anticipate any future actions of an individual

Answer 21

Prediction of behavior

Question 22

alteration of behavior, change a certain trait, idea and beliefs of the individual.

Answer 22

Control or Influence behavior

Question 23

Altering conditions that influence behaviors

Answer 23

Control/Change behavior

Question 24

To control unwanted behaviors (e.g., smoking, tantrums, etc.)

Answer 24

Positive use

Question 25

To control people’s behaviors without their knowledge

Answer 25

Negative use

Question 26

Pseudo means (a) Any unfounded (b) that resembles psychology and is NOT based on scientific testing

Answer 26

(a) “false” (b) “system”

Question 27

Lines on your hands (palms) predict future and reveal personality

Answer 27

Palmistry

Question 28

Personality traits revealed by shape of skull

Answer 28

Phrenology

Question 29

Personality traits are revealed by your handwriting

Answer 29

Graphology

Question 30

The positions of the stars and planets at birth determine personality traits and affect your behavior

Answer 30

Astrology

Question 31

Tendency to consider personal descriptions accurate if stated in general terms

Answer 31

Barnum effect

Question 32

Branches of Psychology:

Answer 32

-Developmental psychology -Clinical Psychology -Social Psychology -Abnormal Psychology -Cognitive psychology -Industrial and Organizational psychology -Experimental psychology -Educational Psychology

Question 33

study of human development and the factors that shape behavior form birth to old age.

Answer 33

Developmental psychology

Question 34

diagnosis and treatment of emotional and behavioral problems

Answer 34

Clinical Psychology

Question 35

how people think about, influence, relate with one another, and the ways interaction with other people influence attitudes and behavior.

Answer 35

Social Psychology

Question 36

studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion, and thought, which could possibly be understood as a mental disorder.

Answer 36

Abnormal Psychology

Question 37

the study of higher mental processes

Answer 37

Cognitive psychology

Question 38

study involving the selection of people most suitable for particular jobs, the development of training programs in organization, and the identification of determinants of consumer behavior

Answer 38

Industrial and Organizational psychology

Question 39

study that employs the behavioral and cognitive perspective as well as the experimental method in studying how people react to sensory stimuli, perceive the world, learn and remember, and respond.

Answer 39

Experimental psychology

Question 40

deals with the evaluation of learning and emotional problems of individual in school

Answer 40

Educational Psychology

Question 41

involves measurement and evaluation of individual as well as group behavior and the application of mathematical procedure to psychological problems.

Answer 41

Psychometrician

Question 42

is dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment and treatment of emotional and behavioral disorders.

Answer 42

Clinical Psychology

Question 43

is dedicated to helping people with educational, job or career, and social adjustments.

Answer 43

Counseling Psychologist

Question 44

Usually have master’s or doctorate degree; trained in methods, knowledge, and theories of psychology

Answer 44

Psychologists

Question 45

Treat more severe psychological problems or do research on mental disorders, short term to more sever chronic conditions, (from adolescent rebellion to schizophrenia)

Answer 45

Clinical psychologists

Question 46

Treat milder problems, such as school or work troubles

Answer 46

Counseling psychologists

Question 47

the study of human behavior in all aspects of growth and development such as learning, sensation and perception, language,and emotion Focuses on childhood, adolescence and old age

Answer 47

Developmental or Genetic Psychologist

Question 48

concerned with the investigation of the varied facets of marketing and buying behavior, effects of advertising, studies of mass media, and other problems arising from the relationship between buyer and seller.

Answer 48

Consumer Psychologist

Question 49

study how a person’s mental life and behavior are shaped by interactions with other people, influences from group or individual, and to improve interactions.

Answer 49

Social Psychologist

Question 50

concerned with the mental processes involved in acquiring and using knowledge.

Answer 50

Cognitive Psychologist

Question 51

concentrate on the study and research of effectiveness on how teaching and learning takes place.

Answer 51

Educational Psychologist

Question 52

work with private and public schools. Assess and counsel students, consult with parents and school staff, conduct behavioral interventions when appropriate.

Answer 52

School Psychologist

Question 53

promoting mental health at the community level.

Answer 53

Community Psychology

Question 54

concerned with methods of selecting, training, counseling, and supervising personnel in business and industry.

Answer 54

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Question 55

relate to our legal system, improve the reliability of witnesses and jury decisions.

Answer 55

Forensic Psychology

Question 56

study basic psychological processes as sensation, perception, learning, memory, cognition, motivation, and emotion.

Answer 56

Experimental and Physiological Psychology

Question 57

conduct researches on how people work best with machines. Work in industry and known as human factors specialist.

Answer 57

Engineering Psychologist

Question 58

study how evolutionary principles such mutation, adaptation, and selective fitness influence human thought, feeling and behavior.

Answer 58

14. Evolutionary Psychologist

Question 59

study how patients handle illness, why some people don’t follow medical advice, to control pain or to change poor health habits.

Answer 59

Health Psychologist

Question 60

explore the relationships between the brain system and behavior. They use new imaging techniques to the normal brain functions.

Answer 60

Neuropsychologist

Question 61

work with stroke and accident victims, people with mental retardation, developmental disabilities caused by cerebral ,epilepsy and autism. Help client adapt and deal with issues of personal adjustment, interpersonal relations.

Answer 61

Rehabilitation psychologist

Question 62

help athletes refine their focus on competition goals, be more motivated and deal with anxiety and fear of failure.

Answer 62

Sports psychologist