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SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The scientific study of behaviors and mental processes

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Greek word “Psyche”

A

Mind or Soul

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3
Q

Logos

A

Knowledge or Study

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4
Q

to study the mind, one has to associate the way of thinking of an individual to his behavior

A

Study of Behavior

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5
Q

can be directly observed

A

Overt behavior

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6
Q

cannot be directly observed

A

Covert behavior

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7
Q

forms of cognition or ways of knowing, man’s perception, attention and capability to remember, to reason and solve problems.

A

Mental Processes

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8
Q

Transpersonal psychology (interact with their Gods during difficult times)
► First psychological experiment
► Ebers Papyrus (oldest medical knowledge documents) the first
known mentions of psychological conditions like dementia and depression.

A

Egyptians

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9
Q

Soul had many parts, called polypsychism, which combined into the overall “soul” called _____

A

Akh

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10
Q

Soul had many parts, called polypsychism, which combined into the overall “soul” called _____

A

Akh

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11
Q

Hippocrates proposed the idea of the four temperaments, linked personality traits to bodily fluids or _____

A

humors

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12
Q

mind and body are two entities that interact to form human experience

A

dualism

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13
Q

Believed that at birth the human mind is a “tabula rasa” or a blank slate, on which experience “writes” knowledge.

A

John Locke

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14
Q

natural selection: inspired the Psychological school of thought, Functionalism.

A

Charles Darwin

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15
Q

He was concerned with the study of individual differences. He was considered as the “Father of Mental tests”

A

Francis Galton

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16
Q

Considered as the “Father of Modern Psychology.” He established the first experimental laboratory for the study of Psychology, in Leipzig, Germany, 1879.

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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17
Q

Wundt has seeking to measure the ______ the fastest and simplest mental processes.

A

atoms of the mind

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18
Q

behavior is governed by unconscious motive and primitive biological instincts. It considered all humans basically would like to gain pleasure and avoid pain.

A

Psychoanalysis

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19
Q

Naming and classifying various observable, measurable behaviors

A

Description of Behaviors

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20
Q

Being able to state the causes of a behavior, organization of facts about behavior.

A

Understanding behavior

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21
Q

Predicting behavior accurately, anticipate any future actions of an individual

A

Prediction of behavior

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22
Q

alteration of behavior, change a certain trait, idea and beliefs of the individual.

A

Control or Influence behavior

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23
Q

Altering conditions that influence behaviors

A

Control/Change behavior

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24
Q

To control unwanted behaviors (e.g., smoking, tantrums, etc.)

A

Positive use

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25
Q

To control people’s behaviors without their knowledge

A

Negative use

26
Q

Pseudo means (a) Any unfounded (b) that resembles psychology and is NOT based on scientific testing

A

(a) “false” (b) “system”

27
Q

Lines on your hands (palms) predict future and reveal personality

A

Palmistry

28
Q

Personality traits revealed by shape of skull

A

Phrenology

29
Q

Personality traits are revealed by your handwriting

A

Graphology

30
Q

The positions of the stars and planets at birth determine personality traits and affect your behavior

A

Astrology

31
Q

Tendency to consider personal descriptions accurate if stated in general terms

A

Barnum effect

32
Q

Branches of Psychology:

A

-Developmental psychology
-Clinical Psychology
-Social Psychology
-Abnormal Psychology
-Cognitive psychology
-Industrial and Organizational psychology
-Experimental psychology
-Educational Psychology

33
Q

study of human development and the factors that shape behavior form birth to old age.

A

Developmental psychology

34
Q

diagnosis and treatment of emotional and behavioral problems

A

Clinical Psychology

35
Q

how people think about, influence, relate with one another, and the ways interaction with other people influence attitudes and behavior.

A

Social Psychology

36
Q

studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion, and thought, which could possibly be understood as a mental disorder.

A

Abnormal Psychology

37
Q

the study of higher mental processes

A

Cognitive psychology

38
Q

study involving the selection of people most suitable for particular jobs, the development of training programs in organization, and the identification of determinants of consumer behavior

A

Industrial and Organizational psychology

39
Q

study that employs the behavioral and cognitive perspective as well as the experimental method in studying how people react to sensory stimuli, perceive the world, learn and remember, and respond.

A

Experimental psychology

40
Q

deals with the evaluation of learning and emotional problems of individual in school

A

Educational Psychology

41
Q

involves measurement and evaluation of individual as well as group behavior and the application of mathematical procedure to psychological problems.

A

Psychometrician

42
Q

is dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment and treatment of emotional and behavioral disorders.

A

Clinical Psychology

43
Q

is dedicated to helping people with educational, job or career, and social adjustments.

A

Counseling Psychologist

44
Q

Usually have master’s or doctorate degree; trained in methods, knowledge, and theories of psychology

A

Psychologists

45
Q

Treat more severe psychological problems or do research on mental disorders, short term to more sever chronic conditions, (from adolescent rebellion to schizophrenia)

A

Clinical psychologists

46
Q

Treat milder problems, such as school or work troubles

A

Counseling psychologists

47
Q

the study of human behavior in all aspects of growth and development such as learning, sensation and perception, language,and emotion
Focuses on childhood, adolescence and old age

A

Developmental or Genetic Psychologist

48
Q

concerned with the investigation of the varied facets of marketing and buying behavior, effects of advertising, studies of mass media, and other problems arising from the relationship between buyer and seller.

A

Consumer Psychologist

49
Q

study how a person’s mental life and behavior are shaped by interactions with other people, influences from group or individual, and to improve interactions.

A

Social Psychologist

50
Q

concerned with the mental processes involved in acquiring and using knowledge.

A

Cognitive Psychologist

51
Q

concentrate on the study and research of effectiveness on how teaching and learning takes place.

A

Educational Psychologist

52
Q

work with private and public schools. Assess and counsel students, consult with parents and school staff, conduct behavioral interventions when appropriate.

A

School Psychologist

53
Q

promoting mental health at the community level.

A

Community Psychology

54
Q

concerned with methods of selecting, training, counseling, and supervising personnel in business and industry.

A

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

55
Q

relate to our legal system, improve the reliability of witnesses and jury decisions.

A

Forensic Psychology

56
Q

study basic psychological processes as sensation, perception, learning, memory, cognition, motivation, and emotion.

A

Experimental and Physiological Psychology

57
Q

conduct researches on how people work best with machines. Work in industry and known as human factors specialist.

A

Engineering Psychologist

58
Q

study how evolutionary principles such mutation, adaptation, and selective fitness influence human thought, feeling and behavior.

A
  1. Evolutionary Psychologist
59
Q

study how patients handle illness, why some people don’t follow medical advice, to control pain or to change poor health habits.

A

Health Psychologist

60
Q

explore the relationships between the brain system and behavior. They use new imaging techniques to the normal brain functions.

A

Neuropsychologist

61
Q

work with stroke and accident victims, people with mental retardation, developmental disabilities caused by cerebral ,epilepsy and autism. Help client adapt and deal with issues of personal adjustment, interpersonal relations.

A

Rehabilitation psychologist

62
Q

help athletes refine their focus on competition goals, be more motivated and deal with anxiety and fear of failure.

A

Sports psychologist

SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY (5 decks)

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