Human Development Flashcards
Teratogens
Any agent that produces a birth defect – drugs,
(e.g., Thalidomide), pollutants, stress, diseases
(measles, AIDS)
Synaptogenesis
Forming of new synaptic connections
Synaptic pruning
Loss of weak connections
What is Piagets insight?
That babies and children learn by exploring the world and interpreting their own ways
Object permanence
awareness
that objects continue to exist
when out of sight
Morality: Pre-Conventional
Children obey to avoid punishment
Children obey to obtain reward
Morality: Conventional
Uphold laws and rules because
they are rules
Regards social conventions as
moral guides
Morality: Post-Conventional
Affirms people’s agreed-upon
rights
Follows what one perceives to be
basic ethical principles
−“I don’t cheat because it’s wrong;
it’s unethical”
Harlow:
Rhesus monkeys separated from mothers
prefer terrycloth “mother” (vs. wire) regardless of
milk
Bowlby
Orphans fail to thrive (undersized, disengaged)
without emotional security provided by maternal care
Proximity maintenance
Seeking and
sustaining physical closeness
Safe haven
Returning for comfort
and reassurance when in need of
support
Secure base
Using the attachment
figure as a foundation for confident
play and exploration
Secure
Infants trust a responsive caregiver, easily
comforted, feel comfortable to explore
Anxious/Ambivalent
Infants cling to inconsistent
caregiver, protest extremely when needs aren’t me
