Human Development

Question 1

__________ is the false assumption that because one event occurred before another event, it must have caused that event.

Answer 1

Post Hoc Fallacy.

Question 2

__________ is when researchers examine people of different ages at a single point in time.

Answer 2

Cross-sectional design

Question 3

________ is when researchers examine people on multiple occasions over time.

Answer 3

Longitudinal design

Question 4

___________ is the impact of genes on behaviour in the environment in which the behaviour develops.

Answer 4

Gene-environment interactions

Question 5

__________ is genetic predispositions that can drive us to select and create particular environments, leading to the mistaken appearance of a pure effect on nature.

Answer 5

Nature via nurture

Question 6

_________ is when some genes “turn on” only in response to specific environmental events.

Answer 6

Gene Expression.

Question 7

A _______ is formed when sperm cell fertilizes an egg.

Answer 7

zygote.

Question 8

_______ is when the zygote divides and doubles, forming a ball of identical cells that have not yet begun to take on any specific function in a body part.

Answer 8

Blastocyst

Question 9

What is the prenatal development order (hint: 4 stages)

Answer 9

1. zygote 2. blastocyst 3. embryo 4. fetus

Question 10

________ is the 2nd to 8th week of prenatal development during which limbs, facial features, and major organs of the body take form.

Answer 10

Embryo

Question 11

______ is the period of prenatal development from the ninth week until birth after all major organs are established and physical maturation is the primary change.

Answer 11

Fetus

Question 12

The human brain begins to develop ____ days after fertilization

Answer 12

18

Question 13

Between __ days and __ months, prenatal proliferation occurs.

Answer 13

18 days and 6 months.

Question 14

During proliferation, neurons can develop at _________ brain cells per minute.

Answer 14

250,000

Question 15

___________ are bodily motions that occur as result of self-initiated force that moves the bone and muscles.

Answer 15

Motor behaviours.

Question 16

The point where infants can survive on their own (premature birth) is ______ weeks.

Answer 16

25

Question 17

The first onset of menstruation is called _______.

Answer 17

Menarche

Question 18

The first ejaculation is called ________.

Answer 18

Spermarche

Question 19

_________ is the termination of menstruation.

Answer 19

Menopause

Question 20

________ is the process of absorbing new experiences into current knowledge structures.

Answer 20

Assimilation

Question 21

Children use ______ to acquire new knowledge within a stage.

Answer 21

Assimilation

Question 22

________ is altering the child’s beliefs to make them more compatible with the experience.

Answer 22

Accommodation

Question 23

__________ _______ is the time from birth to about 2 years of age.

Answer 23

Sensorimotor stage

Question 24

________ _____________ is the ability to think about things that are absent from immediate surroundings

Answer 24

Mental representation

Question 25

Having a lack of _______ _________ capabilities, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of view.

Answer 25

Object permanence.

Question 26

The preoperational stage is from __ to __ years.

Answer 26

2 to 7.

Question 27

_________ is an inability to see the world from others' perspective.

Answer 27

Egocentrism.

Question 28

At which stage of development do children's language and memory skills begin to improve significantly?

Answer 28

Preoperational stage

Question 29

The concrete operations stage is from __ to __ years.

Answer 29

7 to 11

Question 30

________ ___________ ________ is characterized by the ability to perform mental operations on physical events only.

Answer 30

Concrete operations stage.

Question 31

Which developmental stage emerges in adolescence?

Answer 31

Formal operations stage

Question 32

_________ _____________ _________ is characterized by the ability to perform hypothetical reasoning beyond the here and now.

Answer 32

Formal operations stage.

Question 33

_________ is when parents structure environments for learning and then gradually remove them as children improve.

Answer 33

Scaffolding

Question 34

_____ __ __________ ____________ is the phase of learning during which children can benefit from instruction.

Answer 34

Zone of proximal development.

Question 35

________ __ _______ is the ability to reason about what other people know or believe (hint: video from class)

Answer 35

Theory of mind

Question 36

_______ ____________ is the ability to understand oneself as separate and unique from others.

Answer 36

Self-concept

Question 37

The ________ ________ do not mature fully until late adolescence or early adulthood

Answer 37

Frontal lobes.

Question 38

__________ _________ is the feeling of uniqueness and living out a story that others are watching.

Answer 38

Personal fable

Question 39

______ cognition is cognitive abilities employed during deliberation in the absence of high levels of emotion (e.g voting and deciding medical on medical procedures)

Answer 39

Cold

Question 40

_____ cognition is engaging in mental processes during emotionally charged times (e.g. alcohol use, committing a crime)

Answer 40

Hot

Question 41

Stranger anxiety starts at __ to __ months.

Answer 41

8 to 9

Question 42

Stranger anxiety peaks at __ to __ months.

Answer 42

12 to 15

Question 43

___________ is an infant’s characteristic pattern of actions and emotions in response to environmental stimuli.

Answer 43

Temperament

Question 44

_______-___-_____ is the relation between the infant’s temperament and the demands and expectations of their environment.

Answer 44

Goodness-of-fit

Question 45

_____________ is the tendency for males to prefer to hang out with males, and females with females.

Answer 45

Sexgegration

Question 46

________ responsibility is the stage children evaluate people in terms of their intentions to cause harm.

Answer 46

Subjective

Question 47

_________ responsibility is the stage children evaluate people in terms of how much harm they've done.

Answer 47

Objective