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Human Development Flashcards

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1
Q

__________ is the false assumption that because one event occurred before another event, it must have caused that event.

A

Post Hoc Fallacy.

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2
Q

__________ is when researchers examine people of different ages at a single point in time.

A

Cross-sectional design

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3
Q

________ is when researchers examine people on multiple occasions over time.

A

Longitudinal design

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4
Q

___________ is the impact of genes on behaviour in the environment in which the behaviour develops.

A

Gene-environment interactions

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5
Q

__________ is genetic predispositions that can drive us to select and create particular environments, leading to the mistaken appearance of a pure effect on nature.

A

Nature via nurture

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6
Q

_________ is when some genes “turn on” only in response to specific environmental events.

A

Gene Expression.

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7
Q

A _______ is formed when sperm cell fertilizes an egg.

A

zygote.

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8
Q

_______ is when the zygote divides and doubles, forming a ball of identical cells that have not yet begun to take on any specific function in a body part.

A

Blastocyst

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9
Q

What is the prenatal development order (hint: 4 stages)

A
  1. zygote 2. blastocyst 3. embryo 4. fetus
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10
Q

________ is the 2nd to 8th week of prenatal development during which limbs, facial features, and major organs of the body take form.

A

Embryo

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11
Q

______ is the period of prenatal development from the ninth week until birth after all major organs are established and physical maturation is the primary change.

A

Fetus

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12
Q

The human brain begins to develop ____ days after fertilization

A

18

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13
Q

Between __ days and __ months, prenatal proliferation occurs.

A

18 days and 6 months.

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14
Q

During proliferation, neurons can develop at _________ brain cells per minute.

A

250,000

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15
Q

___________ are bodily motions that occur as result of self-initiated force that moves the bone and muscles.

A

Motor behaviours.

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16
Q

The point where infants can survive on their own (premature birth) is ______ weeks.

A

25

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17
Q

The first onset of menstruation is called _______.

A

Menarche

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18
Q

The first ejaculation is called ________.

A

Spermarche

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19
Q

_________ is the termination of menstruation.

A

Menopause

20
Q

________ is the process of absorbing new experiences into current knowledge structures.

A

Assimilation

21
Q

Children use ______ to acquire new knowledge within a stage.

A

Assimilation

22
Q

________ is altering the child’s beliefs to make them more compatible with the experience.

A

Accommodation

23
Q

__________ _______ is the time from birth to about 2 years of age.

A

Sensorimotor stage

24
Q

________ _____________ is the ability to think about things that are absent from immediate surroundings

A

Mental representation

25
Q

Having a lack of _______ _________ capabilities, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of view.

A

Object permanence.

26
Q

The preoperational stage is from __ to __ years.

A

2 to 7.

27
Q

_________ is an inability to see the world from others’ perspective.

A

Egocentrism.

28
Q

At which stage of development do children’s language and memory skills begin to improve significantly?

A

Preoperational stage

29
Q

The concrete operations stage is from __ to __ years.

A

7 to 11

30
Q

________ ___________ ________ is characterized by the ability to perform mental operations on physical events only.

A

Concrete operations stage.

31
Q

Which developmental stage emerges in adolescence?

A

Formal operations stage

32
Q

_________ _____________ _________ is characterized by the ability to perform hypothetical reasoning beyond the here and now.

A

Formal operations stage.

33
Q

_________ is when parents structure environments for learning and then gradually remove them as children improve.

A

Scaffolding

34
Q

_____ __ __________ ____________ is the phase of learning during which children can benefit from instruction.

A

Zone of proximal development.

35
Q

________ __ _______ is the ability to reason about what other people know or believe (hint: video from class)

A

Theory of mind

36
Q

_______ ____________ is the ability to understand oneself as separate and unique from others.

A

Self-concept

37
Q

The ________ ________ do not mature fully until late adolescence or early adulthood

A

Frontal lobes.

38
Q

__________ _________ is the feeling of uniqueness and living out a story that others are watching.

A

Personal fable

39
Q

______ cognition is cognitive abilities employed during deliberation in the absence of high levels of emotion (e.g voting and deciding medical on medical procedures)

A

Cold

40
Q

_____ cognition is engaging in mental processes during emotionally charged times (e.g. alcohol use, committing a crime)

A

Hot

41
Q

Stranger anxiety starts at __ to __ months.

A

8 to 9

42
Q

Stranger anxiety peaks at __ to __ months.

A

12 to 15

43
Q

___________ is an infant’s characteristic pattern of actions and emotions in response to environmental stimuli.

A

Temperament

44
Q

_______-___-_____ is the relation between the infant’s temperament and the demands and expectations of their environment.

A

Goodness-of-fit

45
Q

_____________ is the tendency for males to prefer to hang out with males, and females with females.

A

Sexgegration

46
Q

________ responsibility is the stage children evaluate people in terms of their intentions to cause harm.

A

Subjective

47
Q

_________ responsibility is the stage children evaluate people in terms of how much harm they’ve done.

A

Objective

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