Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

What are the 7 primary emotions?

Answer 1

Happiness, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, anger, and contempt

Question 2

_______ __________ are a small number of emotions believed by some theorists to be cross-culturally universal.

Answer 2

Primary emotions

Question 3

What are the 3 secondary emotions?

Answer 3

Alarm, hatred, & Schadenfreude

Question 4

Theories propose that emotions are ________ ___ _________

Answer 4

Products of thinking

Question 5

_______-________ ________ ___ _______- is when an emotion-provoking event leads simultaneously to both an emotion and bodily reactions.

Answer 5

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Question 6

___________________________ is Emotions that are a result of our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli.

Answer 6

James-Lange Theory of Emotions

Question 7

___________________ is Emotions that are produced by:
Undifferentiated arousal (“alertness”).
With a follow-up attribution (explanation) of that arousal.

Answer 7

Two-factor Theory

Question 8

______________________ is when we use our “gut reactions” to inform our actions.
Limited support.
People without physiological aspects of emotion (e.g., those with pure autonomic failure) still make decisions.

Answer 8

Somatic Marker Theory

Question 9

____________________ refers to the unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behaviour.

Answer 9

Nonverbal leakage

Question 10

______________ can communicate emotions, largely in unconscious ways.

Answer 10

Posture

Question 11

__________________ convey emotion, such as through illustrators or manipulators.

Answer 11

Gestures

Question 12

__________________ are more culture-specific gestures
EX: OK sign, waving & thumbs up.

Answer 12

Emblems

Question 13

________________ is the study of personal space.

Answer 13

Proxemics

Question 14

_____________ is the deliberate attempt to mislead others.

Answer 14

Lying

Question 15

____________________ are saying things that are NOT true.

Answer 15

Lies of commission

Question 16

___________________ are leaving out things that ARE true

Answer 16

Lies of ommission

Question 17

_________________ are to protect or benefit the self

Answer 17

Anti-social lies

Question 18

_________________ are to protect or benefit others

Answer 18

Prosocial Lies

Question 19

Humans as lie detectors have about a ____% accuracy rate.

Answer 19

54

Question 20

___________ is deception that leads to physiological changes.

Answer 20

Rationale

Question 21

_____________ rely on the ___________________, in that there are supposedly perfect physiological or behavioural indicators of lying

Answer 21

Polygraph tests, Pinocchio response

Question 22

___________________ is using brain imaging techniques.

Answer 22

Brain fingerprinting

Question 23

___________________ are Alternative to the polygraph test that relies on the premise that criminals harbour concealed knowledge about the crime that innocent people don’t.

Answer 23

Guilty Knowledge Tests

Question 24

_________________ are Questionnaire that presumably assesses workers’ tendency to steal or cheat.

Answer 24

Integrity Tests

Question 25

___________________ is a strategy of anticipating failure and compensating for this expectation by mentally overpreparing for negative outcomes.

Answer 25

Defensive pessimism

Question 26

_____________________ theory says happiness predisposes us to think more openly, allowing us to see the “big picture”.

Answer 26

Broaden and build

Question 27

_____________________ is the ability to predict our own and others’ happiness

Answer 27

Affective forecasting

Question 28

________________ is the belief that both our good and bad moods will last longer than they do.

Answer 28

Durability Bias

Question 29

___________________ is when our moods tend to adapt to external circumstances.

Answer 29

Hedonic Treadmill

Question 30

____________________ is an inverted U-shaped relation between arousal (stress), mood and performance.

Answer 30

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Question 31

_____________________ propose that we are often motivated by positive goals.

Answer 31

Incentive theories

Question 32

_________________ is our own internal goals that we are self-motivated to achieve. EX: Doing well in a course because you are passionate about learning the material.

Answer 32

Intrinsic Motivation

Question 33

____________________ is where the goal is external, such as by receiving a reward or avoiding a negative consequence. EX: Doing well in a subject in order to get into medical school.

Answer 33

Extrinsic Motivation

Question 34

According to the _____________________, when our blood glucose levels drop, hunger creates a drive to eat to restore the proper levels of glucose.

Answer 34

Glucostatic theory

Question 35

_____________________ is when we eat to maintain a certain rage of body and muscle mass.

Answer 35

Set point theory

Question 36

___________________________: people born with this gene have a harder time feeling full after eating.

Answer 36

Melanocortin receptor 4 gene

Question 37

_______________ signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to ___________ appetite and increase the amount of energy used.

Answer 37

Leptin, reduce

Question 38

Some food smells can cause the release of neurotransmitters, such as _______________, which activates the brain’s pleasure circuits.

Answer 38

Serotonin

Question 39

The sex hormone __________________ can enhance sexual interest

Answer 39

Testosterone

Question 40

Lower sexual desire is associated with ____________________.

Answer 40

Higher serotonin

Question 41

DRD4 gene is involved in ________________________ (reward system).

Answer 41

Dopamine transmission

Question 42

As people age, the frequency of sexual activities ________________ but their sexual satisfaction does not.

Answer 42

Decreases

Question 43

The ___________________ may play a role in sexual attraction.

Answer 43

Hypothalamus

Question 44

The ___________________ has been found to be larger in gay men compared to heterosexual men

Answer 44

Corpus collosum

Question 45

______________ is physical nearness.

Answer 45

Proximity

Question 46

__________________ is the extent to which we have things in common with others.

Answer 46

Similarity

Question 47

___________________ is showing reciprocal affection, support, care and trust.

Answer 47

Reciprocity

Question 48

Like it or not, we often first ‘judge books by their covers’. This is ____________________

Answer 48

Physical attractiveness

Question 49

____________________ is marked by powerful, even overwhelming, longing for one’s partner.

Answer 49

Passionate Love

Question 50

________________________ play a role in sexual desire.

Answer 50

Testosterone and estrogen

Question 51

_______________________ is marked by a sense of deep friendship and fondness for one’s partner.

Answer 51

Companionate Love

Question 52

Compassionate love is linked with the hormone _________________, which plays a role in pair bonding and interpersonal trust.

Answer 52

Oxytocin