Human Development Flashcards
What are the six principles of development?
- Takes place through maturation + learning.
- Takes place according to definite & predictable patten (from simple to complex - primitive to voluntary).
- Influenced by various factors.
- Occurs over time and is ongoing.
- Transactional (depends on interactions with environment).
- Low level skills are requisites for high level skills.
How can you determine if child is ready to learn skill?
- Child shows interest.
- Duration of time that they can remain focused is correct.
- Progress that is made through practice (improvement).
Explain the concepts cephalocaudal & proximodistal development.
- Cephalocaudal: Downward tendency, develop from head to toe.
- Proximodistal: Outward tendency, from central to peripheral e.g. learn to move arms before hands.
Name the five factors that influence development.
- Genetic.
- Culture.
- Socio-economic factors.
- Gender.
- Health / illness.
What is neonate symmetry?
Babies use both sides of their bodies equally, do not show preference for one side over another.
What are primitive reflexes?
Reflexes (involuntary motor responses) that develop in womb and are present at birth - facilitate survival.
What are the four stages of development?
- Mobility.
- Stability.
- Mobility build on stability.
- Skill.
What is locomotion?
Moving from place to place.
What are the five components of hand function?
- Vision.
- Visual perception.
- Cognition.
- Visio motor integration.
- Fine motor ability.
What are the four types of power grips?
- Ulnar grasp.
- Hand grasp.
- Palm grasp.
- Radial palm grasp.
What are the four types of precision grips?
- Scissor grasp.
- Inferior forefinger grasp.
- Inferior pincer grasp.
- Pincer grasp.
What are the eight types of play?
- Social affective play.
- Sensory stimulating play.
- Exploratory play.
- Skill developing play (free / unstructured).
- Functional play.
- Symbolic play.
- Imaginary / fantasy play.
- Play with rules.
What are the six motor skills required for dressing?
- Active movement.
- Joint mobility.
- Coordination and motor planning.
- Balance and equilibrium.
- Arm and hand control.
- Reach, grasp and release.
What are the five sensory skills required for dressing?
- Vision.
- Perception.
- Tactile sensation.
- Stereognosis (feel way without relying on sight).
- Body schema.
What are the three levels of postural development?
- Sagittal: Extension + flexion.
- Frontal: Lateral.
- Transverse: Rotation.
