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TEAS Review > Human Body Science > Flashcards

Human Body Science Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position

A

A standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to each other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward

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2
Q

Superior

A

Toward the upper end of the body or body structure

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3
Q

Inferior

A

Toward the lower end of the body or body structure (opposite superior)

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4
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front of the body or body structure

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5
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back of the body or body structure

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6
Q

Medial

A

Toward the middle of the body or body structure

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7
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the outer sides of the body or body structure (opposite of medial)

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8
Q

Intermediate

A

Between medial and lateral

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9
Q

Proximal

A

Close to the orgin of the body part or point of attachment

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10
Q

Distal

A

Away from the origin of the body part or point of attachment (opposite of proximal)

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11
Q

Superficial

A

Toward or at the body surface

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12
Q

Deep

A

Away from or below the body surface (opposite of superficial)

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13
Q

Sagittal section

A

Cut made along a longitudinal plane dividing the body into right and lefts parts

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14
Q

Midsagittal section

A

Sagittal section made down the median of the body

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15
Q

Transverse section (cross section)

A

Cut made along a horizontal plane to divide the body into upper and lower regions

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16
Q

Frontal section (coronal section)

A

Cut made along a longitudinal plane that divides the body into front and back regions

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17
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Contains the cranial cavity and spinal column

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18
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen; diaphragm divides the ventral cavity into the thoracic cavity (superior to the diaphragm); below the diaphragm are the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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19
Q

Adaptation

A

receive, interpret, and respond to internal and external stimuli via the nervous system

20
Q

Circulation

A

Transport oxygen and other nutrients to tissues via the cardiovascular system

21
Q

Elimination

A

Remove metabolic wastes from the body via the renal system

22
Q

Locomotion

A

Allow voluntary and involuntary movement of body via the musculoskeletal and neurological systems

23
Q

Nutrition

A

Take in and break down nutrients to be used for metabolism via the digestive system

24
Q

Oxygenation

A

Take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide via the respiratory system

25
Q

Regulation

A

Hormonal control of body functions via the endocrine system

26
Q

Self-duplication

A

Production of offspring via the reproductive system

27
Q

Ways in which the organ systems interact: Maintaining boundaries

A

Cells in the human body are eukaryotic cells, which means they are surrounded by a semipermeable membrane; Integumentary system that surrounds the entire body protects it from environmental stimuli and pathogens

28
Q

Ways in which the organ systems interact: Responding to environmental changes

A

Human body can sense and respond to environmental stimuli, both voluntary & involuntary

29
Q

Example of a voluntary response

A

An individual’s ability to physically move away from danger

30
Q

Example of involuntary reflex response

A

The hand’s ability to withdraw from painful stimuli before the brain perceives the pain

31
Q

Ways in which the organ systems interact: Moving

A

Primary purpose of muscular tissue is to support mvmt of the body

32
Q

Which part of the muscular system is responsible for voluntary movement?

A

The muscular system moves the bones in the skeletal system

33
Q

Which part of the muscular system is responsible for involuntary movement?

A

The muscular tissues in the cardiovascular, digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems also support movement

34
Q

Ways in which the organ systems interact: Ingesting and digesting

A

Organs in the digestive system work to remove nutrients from food and transport those nutrients to other parts of the body using the cardiovascular system

35
Q

Ways in which the organ systems interact: Reproducing

A

Reproductive system plays a key role in reproduction, and hormones regulate this process

36
Q

Ways in which the organ systems interact: Growing

A

Growth occurs due to changes in several body systems; Skeletal and muscular systems change shape; Digestive system removes needed nutrients from food; CV system transports these nutrients to the cells; Endocrine system releases hormones that signal when & how much growth should occur

37
Q

Ways in which the organ systems interact: Excreting

A

Once nutrients have been removed from food in the digestive system, the waste that remains is excreted from the body using organs in both the digestive and the urinary system

38
Q

Ways in which the organ systems interact: Metabolizing

A

The digestive and respiratory systems supply the nutrients and oxygen that the body needs to support metabolism; Blood distributes these materials throughout the body and hormones secreted by the glands of the endocrine system regulate the body’s metabolism

39
Q

Metabolism

A

The use of energy by cells as a result of chemical reactions within the cells

40
Q

Describe the Circulatory System

A

Also called the Cardiovascular system; Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood; Supports the circulation and distribution of various substances in the body; O2, hormones, & nutrients from food are some of these substances

41
Q

What other organ system influences blood pressure besides the circulatory system?

A

Hormones released from the endocrine system

42
Q

What organ system helps regulate blood volume and pressure other than the circulatory system and how?

A

Urinary system by adjusting urine volume

43
Q

What organ system other than circulatory controls the blood pressure, heart rate, and distribution of blood to various parts of the body?

A

Nervous system

44
Q

In women, what helps preserve vascular health?

A

Estrogen

45
Q

What organ system, other than circulatory, allows heat to escape by dilating superficial blood vessels?

A

Integumentary system

46
Q

Where are blood cells formed?

A

In the marrow of the bones in the skeletal system

TEAS Review (3 decks)

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